SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
1. কোনো Sentence-এর Subject-টি Singular number হলে শূন্যস্থানের Verb-টি singular হবে।
(a) He — happy. (be)
= He is happy.
(b) My father — a beautiful wrist watch. (have)
= My father has a beautiful wrist watch.
(c) He — a book when I saw him yesterday. (read)
= He was reading a book when I saw him yesterday.
2. কোনো Sentence-এর Subject-টি Plural number হলে শূন্যস্থানের Verb-টি plural হবে।
(a) They — happy. (be)
= They are happy.
(b) My parents — highly educated. (be)
= My parents are highly educated.
(c) They — happy couple as I knew. (be)
= They were happy couple as I knew.
3. যে সকল Noun গোনা যায় না, সেগুলো অর্থের দিক থেকে বহুবচন হলেও শূন্যস্থানে Singular verb হবে।
(a) Her hair — golden. (be)
= Her hair is golden.
(b) The grass of the lawn — very long. (be)
= The grass of the lawn is very long.
4. Adjective-এর পুর্বে the যুক্ত হলে তা দ্বারা জাতি নির্দেশ করে এবং শূন্যস্থানে Plural verb হবে।
(a) The rich — not always happy. (be)
= The rich are not always happy.
(b) The old — generally respected. (be)
= The old are generally respected.
5. দুই বা ততোধিক Subject 'and' দ্বারা যুক্ত হলে শূন্যস্থানটিতে plural verb হবে।
(a) Rahim and Karim — two brothers. (be)
= Rahim and Karim are two brothers.
(b) Rina and her friend — playing. (be)
= Rina and her friend are/were playing.
6. And দ্বারা যুক্ত দুটি Subject-এর একটিতে যদি no বা not থাকে তবে শূন্যস্থানের Verb-টি no বা not-এর পূর্ববর্তী Subject অনুযায়ী হবে।
(a) I and not my brother — this. (do)
= I and not my brother have done this.
(b) Only boys and no girl — guilty. (be)
= Only boys and no girl are/were guilty.
7. দুটি Singular noun 'and' দ্বারা যুক্ত হলেও যদি একটির পূর্বে Article থাকে এবং অপরটির পূর্বে Article না থাকে তবে শূন্যস্থানের Verb-টি singular হবে।
(a) The Headmaster and president of the school — . (come)
= The Headmaster and president of the school is coming.
(b) The MP and Minister of the Sangsad — (go).
= The MP and Minister of the Sangsad is going.
8. দুটি Singular noun 'and' দ্বারা যুক্ত হলেও যদি তা একই বস্তু বা ব্যক্তিকে বুঝায়, তবে শূন্যস্থানের Verb-টি singular হবে।
(a) Slow and steady- the race. (win)
= Bread and butter is my favourite food.
(b) Bread and butter my favourite food. (be)
= Slow and steady wins the race.
9. Each, every, any, everyone, anything, nothing, someone যুক্ত Subject-এর পরবর্তী Verb-টি singular হয়।
(a) Every student — a book. (have)
= Every student has a book.
(b) Each boy — wicked. (be)
= Each boy is wicked.
10. যদি কোনো Plural subject-এর পরে each বসে তবে তার পরবর্তী শূন্যস্থানে Plural verb বসবে।
(a) The girls each —. (play)= The girls each are playing.
11. দুটি বা তার বেশি Singular subject-এর পূর্বে যদি each বা every থাকে এবং সেগুলো যদি and দ্বারা যুক্ত থাকে তবে পরবর্তী শূন্যস্থানের Verb-টি singular হবে।
(a) Each boy and each girl — present there. (be)
= Each boy and each girl was present there.
(b) Every man, woman and child — dressed a new dress. (be)
= Every man, woman and child was dressed a new dress.
12. দুই বা ততোধিক Singular subject যদি 'or', 'nor', 'either...or', 'neither......nor' দ্বারা যুক্ত থাকে তবে পরবর্তী শূন্যস্থানের Verb-টি singular হয়।
(a) The boy or the girl — fond of sweet. (be)
= The boy or the girl is fond of sweet.
(b) Either Suman or Ripon —. (coming)
= Either Suman or Ripon is coming.
(c) Neither you nor I — there. (be)
= Neither you nor I was there.
13. যদি Singular এবং Plural subject 'or', 'nor', 'either.... or', 'nither.....nor' দ্বারা যুক্ত থাকে তবে Plural subject-টি শেষে বসে এবং পরবর্তী শূন্যস্থানের Verb-টিও Plural হয়।
(a) Nipa or her sisters —. (dance)
= Nipa or her sisters are dancing.
(b) Neither Shima nor her friends — hurt. (be)
= Neither Shima nor her friends were hurt.
14. যখন বিভিন্ন Person-এর Subject 'or', 'nor', 'either....or', 'neither.....nor' দ্বারা যুক্ত হয় তখন সর্বশেষ যে Person-এর Subject থাকে শূন্যস্থানের Verb-টি সেই person অনুযায়ী হয়।
(a) Either he or I — this. (do)
= Either he or I have done this.
(b) Neither you nor he — to blame. (be)
= Neither you nor he is to blame.
(c) Either you or he or I — . (play)
= Either you or he or I am playing.
Note : লক্ষণীয় যে Person অনুযায়ী subject বসানোর সাধারণ নিয়ম হলো 231। অর্থাৎ প্রথমে 2nd person, পরে 3rd person এবং শেষে 1st person বসে।
15. দোষ স্বীকারের ক্ষেত্রে Subject বসানোর নিয়ম হলো 132। অর্থাৎ প্রথমে 1st person, পরে 3rd person এবং শেষে 2nd person এক্ষেত্রেও শেষোক্ত Person-এর number অনুযায়ী Verb বসবে ।
(a) Either I or he or you — guilty. (be)
= Either I or he or you are guilty.
16. উপরোক্ত 231 বা 132 যে নিয়মেই Subject সাজানো থাকুক না কেন তা যদি 'and' দ্বারা যুক্ত থাকে তবে শূন্যস্থানে Verb টি plural হবে।
(a) You, he and I — friends. (be)
= You, he and I are friends.
(b) You and he — of the same tribe. (be)
= You and he are of the same tribe.
17. Collective noun সমষ্টিগত অর্থে ব্যবহৃত হলে পরবর্তী শূন্যস্থানে Singular verb বসে। কিন্তু সমষ্টিগত অর্থে ব্যবহৃত না হয়ে পৃথক পৃথক সত্তা বুঝালে পরবর্তী Verb-টি plural হয়।
(a) The army —. (defeat)
= The army was defeated.
(b) There — a large audience. (be)
= There is/was a large audience.
(c) The audience — to take their seats. (request)
= The audience are requested to take their seats.
(d) The jury — divided in their opinions. (be)
= The jury are divided in their opinions.
18. A lot of Singular এবং Plural উভয় অর্থে বসে।
(a) A lot of money — (be) needed to do the work.= A lot of money is needed to do the work.
(b) A lot of people — (be) present there.
= A lot of people were present there.
(c) A lot of boys — in the field. (play)
= A lot of boys are playing in the field.
(d) Here — a group of boys. (be).
= Here is a group of boys.
(e) A group of boys — a picnic. (enjoy)
= A group of boys are enjoying a picnic.
19. A number of, majority of, a lot of, a many Plural noun শূন্যস্থানে Plural verb হয়।
(a) A large number of letters —. (receive)
= A large number of letters were received.
(b) A majority of people — .(complain)
= A majority of people have complained.
20. The number of, many a যদি Subject হিসেবে কাজ করে তবে শূন্যস্থানের Verb-টি singular হবে।
(a) The number of girls — ten. (be)
= The number of girls is ten.
(b) Many a man — so. (do)
= Many a man has done so.
......................................................
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