In English Grammar Tense is used to refer to time of an action or event.
Tense is the concept of time which may be present, past or future.
āĻোāύ āĻাāĻ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒাāĻĻāύেāϰ āϏāĻŽāϝ়āĻে tense āĻŦা āĻাāϞ āĻŦāϞে। Tense āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āϏāĻŽāϝ়āĻে āĻāϞ্āϞেāĻ āĻāϰা āĻšāϝ় āĻāĻŦং āϝা āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύ, āĻ āϤীāϤ āĻিংāĻŦা āĻāĻŦিāώ্āϝāϤ āĻšāϤে āĻĒাāϰে।
Example:- I eat rice. (present)
- I ate rice. (past)
- I will eat rice. (future)
āĻāĻাāύে āĻāĻĒāϰেāϰ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝ āĻুāϞোāϤে āϝāĻĨাāĻ্āϰāĻŽে āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύ, āĻ āϤীāϤ āĻ āĻāĻŦিāώ্āϝ⧠āĻাāĻেāϰ āĻāĻĨা āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻāϰে।
Types of Tense:
The concept of time (tense) can be differentiated into three categories.- The present / simple present tense. (what are you presently doing )
- The past.(What you did some time back).
- The future. (What you will do some time later).
And all of these tenses are differentiated into the following four categories:
- Indefinite Tense
- Continuous Tense
- Perfect Tense
- Perfect Continuous Tense
Present Tense (āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύ āĻাāϞ)
Present Indefinite Tense:
Present indefinite tense denotes an action in the present time or habitual truth or eternal truth.
āĻোāύ āĻাāĻ āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύে āĻšāϝ় āĻŦোāĻাāϞে āĻŦা āĻ āĻ্āϝাāϏāĻāϤ āϏāϤ্āϝ āĻŦোāĻাāϞে āĻŦা āĻিāϰāϏāϤ্āϝ āĻŦোāĻাāϞে Present Indefinite Tense āĻšāϝ়।
āĻŦাংāϞাāϝ় āĻিāύাāϰ āĻāĻĒাāϝ়:
āĻŦাংāϞাāϝ় āĻ্āϰিāϝ়াāϰ āĻļেāώে āĻ, āĻ
, āĻ, āĻ, āĻ, āĻāύ, āĻāϏ, āĻāύ, āĻāϝ় āĻāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āĻĨাāĻে।
Structure:
Subject + Main Verb + Object.
Example:- āĻāĻŽি āĻাāϤ āĻাāĻ – I eat rice.
- āĻāĻŽি āϏ্āĻুāϞে āϝাāĻ – I go to school.
- āϏে āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻĻিāύ āϏ্āĻুāϞে āϝাāϝ় – He goes to school every day.
- āϤুāĻŽি āĻŦāĻ āĻĒāĻĄ় – You read a book.
- āϏে āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻĻিāύ āϰাāϤ āĻĻāĻļ āĻাāϝ় āĻুāĻŽাāϤে āϝাāϝ় – He goes to bed at ten pm every day.
- āϏূāϰ্āϝ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦ āĻĻিāĻে āĻāĻĻিāϤ āĻšāϝ় – The sun rises in the East.
- āĻĒাāύি āĻļূāύ্āϝ āĻĄিāĻ্āϰি āϏেāύ্āĻ্āϰিāĻ্āϰেāĻĄে āĻāĻŽাāĻ āĻŦাāϧে – Water freezes at 0° centegrade.
Note - Subject third person singular number (he, she, it, āĻোāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ্āϤি, āĻŦāϏ্āϤু, āĻাāϝ়āĻা āĻŦা āĻĒ্āϰাāĻŖীāϰ āύাāĻŽ) āĻŦোāĻাāϞে verb āĻāϰ āĻļেāώে s āĻŦা es āĻŦāϏে।
Present Continious Tense:
Present continious tense is used when an action is continiued or going to be continued in near future.
āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύে āĻোāύ āĻাāĻ āĻāϞāĻে āĻŦা āύিāĻāĻ āĻāĻŦিāώ্āϝāϤে āĻāϞāĻŦে āĻāϰূāĻĒ āĻŦোāĻাāϞে present continuous tense āĻšāϝ়।
āĻŦাংāϞাāϝ় āĻিāύাāϰ āĻāĻĒাāϝ়:
āĻŦাংāϞাāϝ় āĻ্āϰিāϝ়া āĻŦা verb āĻāϰ āĻļেāώে āϤেāĻি, āϤেāĻ, āϤেāĻে, āϤেāĻেāύ, āĻ্āĻ, āĻ্āĻি, āĻ্āĻে, āĻ্āĻেāύ, āĻি, āĻেāύ, āĻāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āĻĨাāĻে।
Structure:
Subject + be verb (number āĻ person āĻ
āύুāϝাāϝ়ী āĻŦāϏāĻŦে) + verb + ing + object.
Example:- āĻāĻŽি āĻাāϤ āĻাāĻāϤেāĻি – I am eating rice.
- āĻāĻŽি āϏ্āĻুāϞে āϝাāĻāϤেāĻি – I am going to school.
- āϏে āϏ্āĻুāϞে āϝাāĻāϤেāĻে – He is going to school.
- āϤুāĻŽি/ āϤোāĻŽāϰা āĻŦāĻ āĻĒāĻĄ়িāϤেāĻ – You are reading book.
- āĻāĻŽি āĻāĻ āϰাāϤে āĻĸাāĻা āϝাāĻŦ – I am going to Dhaka tonight. (Near future)
- āĻāĻĒāύি āĻি āĻāĻ āĻŦিāĻাāϞে āĻŽীāĻিং āĻ āĻāϏāĻেāύ – Are you coming to the meeting this afternoon? (Near future)
Note - I āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ am āĻŦāϏāĻŦে। He, She, it āĻāĻŦং āĻ āύ্āϝāϏāĻŦ third person singular number āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ is āĻŦāϏāĻŦে। We, you, they āĻāĻŦং Plural subject āĻāϰ āĻļেāώে are āĻŦāϏে।
Present Perfect Tense:
Present perfect tense is used when the work has been done but its effect lasts.
āĻোāύ āĻাāĻ āĻļেāώ āĻšāϝ়েāĻে āĻ āĻĨāĻ āϤাāϰ āĻĢāϞ āĻāĻāύāĻ āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύ āĻāĻে (āĻ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļিāϤ), āĻāϰূāĻĒ āĻŦোāĻাāϞে Present perfect tense āĻšāϝ়।
āĻŦাংāϞাāϝ় āĻিāύাāϰ āĻāĻĒাāϝ়:
āĻŦাংāϞাāϝ় āĻ্āϰিāϝ়াāϰ āĻļেāώে āϝ়াāĻ, āϝ়াāĻে, āϝ়াāĻি, āϝ়াāĻে, āϝ়াāĻেāύ, āϝ়েāĻ, āĻāϝ়াāĻ, āĻāϝ়াāĻি, āĻāϝ়াāĻে, āĻāϝ়েāĻ, āĻāϝ়াāĻেāύ āĻāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āĻŦāϏে। āĻāĻাāĻĄ়া āĻāϰিāύি, āĻāϰি āύাāĻ, āĻাāĻāύি, āĻাāĻ āύাāĻ, āĻŦোāĻাāϞে Present perfect tense āĻšāϝ়।
Structure:
Subject + have/has + past participle + object.
Example:- āĻāĻŽি āĻাāϤ āĻাāĻāϝ়াāĻি – I have eaten rice.
- āĻāĻŽি āϏ্āĻুāϞে āĻিāϝ়েāĻি – I have gone to school.
- āϏে āϏ্āĻুāϞে āĻিāϝ়েāĻি – He has gone to school.
- āĻāĻŽি āĻাāϤ āĻাāĻāύি – I have not eaten rice.
- āϤাāϰা/āϤাāĻšাāϰা āĻাāĻāĻি āĻāϰিāϝ়াāĻে – They have done the work.
- āϏে āĻāĻŖ্āĻাāϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻāĻŖ্āĻা āĻĒāĻĄ়েāĻে – He/she has studied for hours.
- āϤাāϰা āĻāĻāĻŽাāϤ্āϰ āĻĢুāĻāĻŦāϞ āĻেāϞিāϝ়াāĻে - They have just played football.
- āϏে āĻāĻāĻŽাāϤ্āϰ āĻĢুāĻāĻŦāϞ āĻেāϞিāϝ়াāĻে – He has just played football.
Note - Subject third person singular number (he, she, it āĻোāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ্āϤি, āĻŦāϏ্āϤু, āĻাāϝ়āĻা āĻŦা āĻĒ্āϰাāĻŖীāϰ āύাāĻŽ) āĻŦোāĻাāϞে has āĻŦāϏāĻŦে । I, we, you, they āĻāĻŦং āĻ āύ্āϝāϏāĻŦ plural subject āĻāϰ āĻļেāώে have āĻŦāϏāĻŦে।
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
The present perfect continuous tense is used for an action which began at some time in the past and is still continuing.
āĻোāύ āĻাāĻ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āĻāϰāĻŽ্āĻ āĻšāϝ়ে āĻāĻāύāĻ āĻāϞāĻে āĻāϰূāĻĒ āĻŦোāĻাāϞে Present perfect continuous tense āĻšāϝ়।
āĻŦাংāϞাāϝ় āĻিāύাāϰ āĻāĻĒাāϝ়:
āĻŦাংāϞাāϝ় āĻ্āϰিāϝ়াāϰ āĻļেāώে āϤেāĻ, āϤেāĻি,āϤেāĻে, āϤেāĻেāύ, āĻ্āĻ, āĻ্āĻি, āĻ্āĻে, āĻ্āĻেāύ, āĻ্, āĻি্, āĻে্, āĻে্āύ āĻāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āĻāϞ্āϞেāĻ āĻĨাāĻে āĻāĻŦং āϤাāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āϏāĻŽāϝ়েāϰ āĻāϞ্āϞেāĻ āĻĨাāĻে।
Structure:
Subject + has been/have been + main verb + ing + since/from/for + object.
Example:- āĻāĻŽি āĻĻুāĻ āĻĻিāύ āϧāϰে āĻাāĻāĻি āĻāϰিāϤেāĻি – I have been doing this work for two days.
- āϏে āĻĻুāĻ āĻāĻŖ্āĻা āϝাāĻŦā§ āĻĒāĻĄ়িāϤেāĻে – He has been reading for two hours. (āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āĻ āϏāĻŽāϝ়)
- āϏে āϏāĻাāϞ āĻĨেāĻে āĻĒāĻĄ়িāϤেāĻে– He has been reading since mourning.
- āϏে āϤিāύ āĻŦāĻāϰ āϝাāĻŦā§ āĻāĻ āϏ্āĻুāϞে āĻĒāĻĄ়িāϤেāĻে – He/She has been reading in this school for three years.
- āĻেāϞেāĻŦেāϞা āĻšāϤে āϏে āĻāĻাāύে āĻŦাāϏ āĻāϰিāϤেāĻে – He has been living here from his boyhood.
- āĻĢাāĻšিāĻŽ āĻāϤ āϏোāĻŽāĻŦাāϰ āĻšāĻāϤে āĻ্āĻŦāϰে āĻুāĻিāϤেāĻে – Fahim has been suffering from fever since sunday last.
Note - Subject third person singular number (he, she, it āĻোāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ্āϤি, āĻŦāϏ্āϤু, āĻাāϝ়āĻা āĻŦা āĻĒ্āϰাāĻŖীāϰ āύাāĻŽ) āĻŦোāĻাāϞে has been āĻŦāϏāĻŦে । I, we, you, they āĻāĻŦং āĻ āύ্āϝāϏāĻŦ plural subject āĻāϰ āĻļেāώে have been āĻŦāϏāĻŦে।
Note - āĻāĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰে since āĻŦ্āϝাāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻšāĻŦে āĻļুāϧুāĻŽাāϤ্āϰ point of time (past tense) āĻāϰ āĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰে।
āĻĻিāύ āĻিংāĻŦা āĻŦাāϰ āĻāϰ āĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰে since or from āĻšāϝ়।
āϏāĻŦ tense āĻāϰ āĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰে from āĻŦ্āϝাāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰা āϝাāϝ়।
āĻ
āύেāĻ āĻŦেāĻļি āϏāĻŽāϝ় āĻāϰ āĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰে, āĻোāύ āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ্āϤিāĻāϤ āĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰে from āĻŦ্āϝাāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻšāϝ়।
Period of time āĻāϰ āĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰে āĻ
āϰ্āĻĨাā§ āĻোāύ āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āĻ āϏāĻŽāϝ়েāϰ āĻŦ্āϝাāĻĒ্āϤি āĻŦোāĻাāϤে for āĻŦ্āϝাāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻšāϝ়।
Past Tense (āĻ āϤীāϤ āĻাāϞ)
Past Indefinite Tense:
Past Indefinite Tense is used to denote an action completed in the past or a past habit and result is not present anymore .
āĻ āϤীāϤ āĻাāϞেāϰ āĻোāύ āĻাāĻ āĻŦোāĻাāϤে āĻŦা āĻ āϤীāϤেāϰ āĻোāύ āĻ āĻ্āϝাāϏ āĻŦোāĻাāϤে, āϝাāϰ āĻĢāϞ āĻāĻāύ āĻāϰ āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝāĻŽাāύ āύেāĻ āϤাāĻে Past Indefinite Tense āĻŦāϞে।
āĻŦাংāϞাāϝ় āĻিāύাāϰ āĻāĻĒাāϝ়:
āĻŦাংāϞাāϝ় āĻ্āϰিāϝ়াāϰ āĻļেāώে āϞ, āϞাāĻŽ, āϤ, āϤাāĻŽ, āϤে, āϤেāύ āĻāĻĻেāϰ āϝে āĻোāύ āĻāĻāĻি āϝোāĻ āĻĨাāĻে। āϝেāĻŽāύ ( āĻāϰেāĻিāϞ, āĻāϰিāϝ়াāĻিāϞ, āĻāϰেāĻিāϞাāĻŽ, āĻāϰিāϝ়াāĻিāϞাāĻŽ, āĻāϰেāĻিāϞে, āĻāϰিāϝ়া āĻিāϞে, āĻāϰেāĻিāϞেāύ, āĻāϰিāϝ়াāĻিāϞেāύ, āĻĒāĻĄ়িāϞ, āĻĒāĻĄ়িāϞাāĻŽ, āĻĒāĻĄ়িāϞেāύ, āĻĒāĻĄ়িāϤ, āĻĒāϰিāϤেāύ, āĻāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি)
Structure:
Subject + past form of main verb + object.
Example:- āĻāĻŽি āĻাāϤ āĻাāĻāϝ়াāĻিāϞাāĻŽ/āĻেāϝ়েāĻিāϞাāĻŽ – I ate rice.
- āĻāĻŽি āϏ্āĻুāϞে āĻেāĻিāϞাāĻŽ/āĻিāϝ়েāĻিāϞাāĻŽ – I went to school.
- āϏে āϏ্āĻুāϞে āĻেāĻিāϞো/āĻিāϝ়েāĻিāϞ – He went to school.
- āϤুāĻŽি/ āϤোāĻŽāϰা āĻাāĻāĻি āĻāϰেāĻিāϞে/āĻāϰিāϝ়াāĻিāϞে- You did the work.
- āϤাāϰ āĻেāϞেāĻŦেāϞা āϞāύ্āĻĄāύেāĻেāĻেāĻিāϞ – He spent his boyhood in London.
- āϞুāύা āĻāĻāĻি āĻাāύ āĻেāϝ়েāĻিāϞ – Luna sang a song.
- āϏে āĻĢুāĻāĻŦāϞ āĻেāϞেāĻিāϞ – He played football.
Note - Past indefinite tense āϝুāĻ্āϤ āĻোāύ sentence āĻ āϝāĻĻি main verb āύা āĻĨাāĻে āϤাāĻšāϞে āϏেāĻাāύে be verb āĻ main verb āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āĻŦ্āϝাāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻšāĻŦে।
Past Continuous Tense:
Past continuous tense is used when the action was continued for some time in the past.
āĻ āϤীāϤāĻাāϞে āĻোāύ āĻাāĻ āĻিāĻুāĻ্āώāĻŖ āϧāϰে āĻāϞāĻিāϞ āĻāϰূāĻĒ āĻŦোāĻাāϞে Past continuous tense āĻšāϝ়।
āĻŦাংāϞাāϝ় āĻিāύাāϰ āĻāĻĒাāϝ়:
āĻŦাংāϞাāϝ় āĻ্āϰিāϝ়াāϰ āĻļেāώে āϤেāĻিāϞ, āϤেāĻিāϞাāĻŽ, āϤেāĻিāϞে, āϤেāĻিāϞেāύ, āĻ্āĻিāϞ, āĻ্āĻিāϞে, āĻ্āĻিāϞেāύ, āĻিāϞ, āĻিāϞাāĻŽ, āĻিāϞে, āĻিāϞেāύ, āĻāĻĻেāϰ āϝে āĻোāύ āĻāĻāĻি āϝুāĻ্āϤ āĻĨাāĻে।
Structure:
Subject + was/were + main verb + ing + object.
Example:- āĻāĻŽি āĻাāϤ āĻাāĻāϤেāĻিāϞাāĻŽ/āĻাāĻ্āĻিāϞাāĻŽ – I was eating rice.
- āϏে āϏ্āĻুāϞে āϝাāĻāϤেāĻিāϞ/āϝাāĻ্āĻিāϞ – He was going to school.
- āϤাāϰা āĻĢুāĻāĻŦāϞ āĻেāϞিāϤেāĻিāϞ/āĻেāϞāĻিāϞ – They were playing football.
- āĻāϤāĻাāϞ āϏāύ্āϧাāϝ় āϏে āĻĸাāĻা āϝাāĻāϤেāĻিāϞ – He was going to Dhaka last evening.
- āĻāĻŽি āĻāĻা āĻāĻা āĻাāύ āĻাāĻāϤেāĻিāϞাāĻŽ – I was singing song alone.
Note - subject first person and third person singular number āĻšāϞে was āĻŦāϏāĻŦে। we, you, they āĻāĻŦং āĻ āύ্āϝাāύ্āϝ plural number āĻāϰ āĻļেāώে were āĻŦāϏāĻŦে।
Past Perfect Tense :
Past perfect tense is used in the former action between two completed actions of the past; simple past is used in the later action.
āĻ āϤীāϤ āĻাāϞে āĻĻুāĻি āĻাāĻ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāύ্āύ āĻšāϝ়ে āĻĨাāĻāϞে āϤাāĻĻেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āϝেāĻি āĻāĻে āĻāĻেāĻিāϞ āϤা Past perfect tense āĻšāϝ় āĻāĻŦং āϝেāĻি āĻĒāϰে āĻšāϝ়েāĻিāϞ āϤা simple past tense āĻšāϝ়।
āĻŦাংāϞাāϝ় āĻিāύাāϰ āĻāĻĒাāϝ়:
āĻŦাংāϞাāϝ় āĻ্āϰিāϝ়াāϰ āĻļেāώে āĻোāύ āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āĻ āĻ
āϤীāϤ āĻāĻāύাāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে, āĻিāϞ, āĻিāϞাāĻŽ, āĻিāϞে, āĻিāϞেāύ, āϞ, āϞাāĻŽ, āϞে, āϞেāύ, āϤাāĻŽ, āϤে, āϤেāύ āĻāĻĻেāϰ āϝে āĻোāύ āĻāĻāĻি āϝুāĻ্āϤ āĻĨাāĻে।
Structure:
1st subject + had + verb āĻāϰ past participle + 2nd subject + verb āĻāϰ past form +2nd object.
Example:- āĻāĻŽি āĻাāϤ āĻাāĻāϝ়াāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āϏে āĻŦাāĻĄ়ি āĻāϏāϞ – He had come home before I ate rice.
- āĻāĻŽি āϏ্āĻুāϞে āϝাāĻāϝ়াāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āϏে āĻŽাāϰা āĻেāϞ – He had died before I went to school.
- āĻāĻŖ্āĻা āĻĒāĻĄ়াāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āϤাāϰা āϏ্āĻেāĻļāύে āĻĒৌঁāĻāϞ – They had reached the station before the bell rang.
- āĻĄাāĻ্āϤাāϰ āĻāϏিāĻŦাāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āϰোāĻীāĻি āĻŽাāϰা āĻেāϞ – The patient had died before the doctor came.
- āĻĄাāĻ্āϤাāϰ āĻāϏিāĻŦাāϰ āĻĒāϰে āϰোāĻীāĻি āĻŽাāϰা āĻেāϞ – The doctor had come before the patient died.
- āĻŦিāĻাāύাāϝ় āĻļুāϤে āϝাāĻŦাāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āĻāĻŽি āĻĻāϰāĻাāĻা āĻŦāύ্āϧ āĻāϰিāϞাāĻŽ – I had shut the door before I got into bed.
Past Perfect Continuous Tense:
Past perfect continuous tense is used for an action that begun before a certain point in the past and continued up to that time.
āĻ āϤীāϤāĻাāϞে āĻোāύ āĻাāĻ āĻোāύ āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āϏāĻŽāϝ়েāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āĻāϰāĻŽ্āĻ āĻšāϝ়ে āϏেāĻ āϏāĻŽāϝ় āĻĒāϰ্āϝāύ্āϤ āĻāϞāĻিāϞ āĻŦোāĻাāϞে Past perfect continuous tense āĻšāϝ়। āĻāĻাāύে āϝāĻĻি āĻĻুāĻি āĻ্āϰিāϝ়া āĻāϞ্āϞেāĻ āĻĨাāĻে āϤাāĻšāϞে āϝে āĻাāĻāĻি āĻāĻে āĻāϞāĻিāϞ āϤা Past perfect continuous tense āĻšāϝ়।
āĻŦাংāϞাāϝ় āĻিāύাāϰ āĻāĻĒাāϝ়:
āĻŦাংāϞাāϝ় āĻ্āϰিāϝ়াāϰ āĻļেāώে āϤেāĻিāϞ, āϤেāĻিāϞে, āϤেāĻিāϞাāĻŽ, āϤেāĻিāϞেāύ, āĻ্āĻিāϞ, āĻ্āĻিāϞাāĻŽ, āĻ্āĻিāϞে, āĻ্āĻিāϞেāύ, āĻāĻĻেāϰ āϝে āĻোāύ āĻāĻāĻি āĻāϞ্āϞেāĻ āĻĨাāĻāϞে āĻāĻŦং āĻ
āϤীāϤেāϰ āĻāĻāĻি āϏāĻŽāϝ় āĻāϞ্āϞেāĻ āĻĨাāĻে। āĻāĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰে āϤিāύāĻি āĻŦিāώāϝ়েāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤি āĻেāϝ়াāϞ āϰাāĻāϤে āĻšāĻŦে –
āĻ) āĻ
āϤীāϤāĻাāϞে āĻĻুāĻি āĻাāĻāĻ āĻšāϝ়েāĻিāϞ।
āĻ) āϤাāĻĻেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻāĻāĻি āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āĻāĻŦং āĻ
āĻĒāϰāĻি āĻĒāϰে āϏংāĻāĻ িāϤ āĻšāϝ়েāĻিāϞ।
āĻ) āϝেāĻি āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āϏংāĻāĻ িāϤ āĻšāϝ়েāĻিāϞ āϏেāĻি āĻĻীāϰ্āĻ āϏāĻŽāϝ় āϧāϰে āĻāϞিāϤেāĻিāϞ।
Structure:
1st subject + had been + main verb + ing + 1st object + 2nd subject + verb āĻāϰ past form + 2nd object.
Example:- āϏে āϝāĻāύ āĻāϏিāϞ āϤāĻāύ āĻāĻŽি āĻাāϤ āĻাāĻāϤেāĻিāϞাāĻŽ – I had been eating rice when he came.
- āĻāĻŖ্āĻা āĻĒāĻĄ়াāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āĻāĻŽāϰা āĻেāϞিāϤেāĻিāϞাāĻŽ – We had been playing before the bell rang.
- āĻāĻŽি āϝāĻāύ āϤাāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āĻĻেāĻা āĻāϰāϤে āĻেāϞাāĻŽ āϤāĻāύ āϏে āĻŦāĻ āĻĒāϰিāϤেāĻিāϞ – He had been reading book when I went to met with him/her.
- āϤুāĻŽি āϝāĻāύ āϤোāĻŽাāϰ āĻŦāύ্āϧুāϰ āĻŦাāĻĄ়িāϤে āĻিāϝ়েāĻিāϞে āϤāĻāύ āϤোāĻŽাāϰ āĻŽা āϤোāĻŽাāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ āĻ
āĻĒেāĻ্āώা āĻāϰিāϤেāĻিāϞ – Your mother had been waiting for you when you went to your friend’s home.
āϏে āϝāĻāύ āĻেāϞা āĻĻেāĻāĻিāϞ āϤāĻāύ āĻāĻŽি āĻুāĻŽিāϤেāĻিāϞাāĻŽ – I had been sleeping when he saw the game.
Future Tense (āĻāĻŦিāώ্āϝāϤ āĻাāϞ)
Future Indefinite Tense:
Future indefinite tense is used when an action will be done or will happen in future.
āĻāĻŦিāώ্āϝāϤে āĻোāύ āĻাāĻ āĻāĻāĻŦে āĻāϰূāĻĒ āĻŦোāĻাāϞে Future indefinite tense āĻšā§।
āĻŦাংāϞাāϝ় āĻিāύাāϰ āĻāĻĒাāϝ়:
āĻŦাংāϞাāϝ় āĻ্āϰিāϝ়াāϰ āĻļেāώে āĻŦে, āĻŦ, āĻŦা, āĻŦি, āĻŦেāύ āĻāĻĻেāϰ āϝে āĻোāύ āĻāĻāĻি āĻāϞ্āϞেāĻ āĻĨাāĻে।
Structure:
Subject + shall/will + verb + object
Example:- āĻāĻŽি āĻাāĻāĻি āĻāϰিāĻŦ- I will/shall do the work.
- āϤাāϰা āĻাāĻāĻি āĻāϰিāĻŦে- They will/shall do the work.
- āĻāĻŽি āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ়ে āϝাāĻŦ(āϝাāĻŦāĻ)- I shall go to the school.
- āϏে āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ়ে āϝাāĻŦে(āϝাāĻŦেāĻ)- He will go to the school.
- āϤাāϰা āĻŦাāĻাāϰে āϝাāĻāĻŦে(āϝাāĻŦে) – They will go to the market.
Note - āϏাāϧাāϰāύāϤ 1st person āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ shall āĻŦāϏāϤে āĻĒাāϰে। āĻāĻাāĻĄ়া āĻ āύ্āϝ āϏāĻŦ āĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰে will āĻŦāϏে।
Future Continuous Tense:
Future continuous tense is used when an action is thought to be going on in the future.
āĻāĻŦিāώ্āϝ⧠āĻাāϞে āĻোāύ āĻাāĻ āĻāϞāϤে āĻĨাāĻāĻŦে āĻāϰূāĻĒ āĻŦোāĻাāϞে Future continuous tense āĻšāϝ়।
āĻŦাংāϞাāϝ় āĻিāύাāϰ āĻāĻĒাāϝ়:
āĻŦাংāϞাāϝ় āĻ্āϰিāϝ়াāϰ āĻļেāώে āϤে āĻĨাāĻিāĻŦ, āϤে āĻĨাāĻিāĻŦে, āϤে āĻĨাāĻিāĻŦা, āϤে āĻĨাāĻিāĻŦেāύ āĻāĻĻেāϰ āϝে āĻোāύ āĻāĻāĻি āϝুāĻ্āϤ āĻĨাāĻে।
Structure:
Subject + shall be/will be + main verb + ing + object.
Example:- āĻāĻŽি āĻŦāĻāĻি āĻĒāĻĄ়িāϤে āĻĨাāĻিāĻŦ – I shall be reading the book.
- āĻāĻŽি āĻাāύ āĻাāĻāϤে āĻĨাāĻিāĻŦ- I shall be singing the song.
- āϤাāϰা āĻĢুāĻāĻŦāϞ āĻেāϞিāϤে āĻĨাāĻিāĻŦে- They will be playing football.
- āϏে āĻাāĻāĻি āĻāϰিāϤে āĻĨাāĻিāĻŦে- He will be doing the work.
- āϤুāĻŽি/ āϤোāĻŽāϰা āϏ্āĻুāϞে āϝাāĻāϤে āĻĨাāĻিāĻŦে- they will be going to school.
- āϤিāύি āĻ
āĻĢিāϏে āϝাāĻāϤে āĻĨাāĻিāĻŦেāύ- He will be going to office.
Future Perfect Tense :
Future perfect tense is used to indicate the completion of an action by a certain time in the future.
āĻāĻŦিāώ্āϝ⧠āĻাāϞে āĻোāύ āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āĻ āϏāĻŽāϝ়েāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻোāύ āĻাāĻ āĻšāϝ়ে āϝাāĻŦে āĻŦোāĻাāϞে āĻŦা āĻĻুāĻি āĻাāĻেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻāĻāĻি āĻāĻে āĻšāĻŦে āĻŦোāĻাāϞে Future perfect tense āĻšāϝ়।
āĻāĻŦিāώ্āϝ⧠āĻাāϞেāϰ āĻĻুāĻি āĻাāĻেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āϝে āĻাāĻāĻি āĻāĻে āĻšāĻŦে āϤা Future perfect tense āĻšāϝ় āĻāĻŦং āĻĒāϰেāϰāĻা simple present tense āĻšāϝ়।
āĻŦাংāϞাāϝ় āĻিāύাāϰ āĻāĻĒাāϝ়:
āĻŦাংāϞাāϝ় āĻ্āϰিāϝ়াāϰ āĻļেāώে āϝ়া āĻĨাāĻিāĻŦ, āϝ়া āĻĨাāĻিāĻŦা, āϝ়া āĻĨাāĻিāĻŦে, āϝ়া āĻĨাāĻিāĻŦেāύ, āĻāĻĻেāϰ āϝে āĻোāύ āĻāĻāĻি āϝোāĻ āĻĨাāĻāϞে Future perfect tense āĻšāϝ়।
Structure:
1st subject + shall have/will have + verb āĻāϰ past participle + 1st object + before + 2nd subject + main verb + 2nd object.
Example:- āĻŦাāĻŦা āĻāϏাāϰ āĻāĻে āĻāĻŽি āĻাāĻāĻি āĻāϰিāϝ়া āĻĨাāĻিāĻŦ - I shall have done the work before my father comes.
- āĻāĻŽি āĻŦিāĻাāϞ āĻাāϰāĻাāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻŦāĻāĻি āĻĒāĻĄ়িāϝ়া āĻĨাāĻিāĻŦ – I shall have finished reading the book by 4. P. m.
- āϤুāĻŽি āϝাāĻāϝ়াāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āĻāĻŽি āĻাāύ āĻাāĻāϝ়া āĻĨাāĻিāĻŦ- I shall have sang a song before you leave.
- āϤাāϰা āĻāϏাāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āĻāĻŽি āĻĒāϰা āĻļেāώ āĻāϰিāĻŦ – I shall have finished my lesson before they come.
Future Perfect Continuous Tense:
Future perfect tense is used when an action will have been continuing by a certain future time.
āĻāĻŦিāώ্āϝ⧠āĻাāϞে āĻোāύ āϏāĻŽāϝ়েāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻোāύ āĻাāĻ āĻāϞāϤে āĻĨাāĻāĻŦে āĻāϰূāĻĒ āĻŦোāĻাāϞে future perfect tense āĻšāϝ়।
āĻāĻŦিāώ্āϝ⧠āĻাāϞে āĻĻুāĻি āĻাāĻেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āϝে āĻাāĻāĻি āĻāĻে āĻāϞāϤে āĻĨাāĻāĻŦে āϤা future perfect tense āĻšāϝ় āϝে āĻাāĻāĻি āĻĒāϰে āĻšāĻŦে āϤা simple present tense āĻšāϝ়।
āĻŦাংāϞাāϝ় āĻিāύাāϰ āĻāĻĒাāϝ়:
āĻŦাংāϞাāϝ় āĻ্āϰিāϝ়াāϰ āĻļেāώে āϤে āĻĨাāĻিāĻŦ, āϤে āĻĨাāĻিāĻŦে, āϤে āĻĨাāĻিāĻŦা, āϤে āĻĨাāĻিāĻŦেāύ āĻāĻĻেāϰ āϝে āĻোāύ āĻāĻāĻি āĻāϞ্āϞেāĻ āĻĨাāĻে।
Structure:
Subject – 1st subject + shall have been/will have been + main verb + ing + 1st object + 2nd subject + main verb + 2nd object.
Example:- āϤুāĻŽি āĻĢিāϰে āύা āĻāϏা āĻĒāϰ্āϝāύ্āϤ āĻāĻŽāϰা āϤোāĻŽাāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ āĻ
āĻĒেāĻ্āώা āĻāϰāϤে āĻĨাāĻāĻŦ- we shall have been waiting for you until you come back.
- āĻŦাāĻŦা āĻāϏাāϰ āĻāĻে āĻāĻŽি āĻাāĻāĻি āĻāϰিāϤে āĻĨাāĻিāĻŦ- I shall have been doing the work before my father comes.
- āϤাāϰা āĻāϏাāϰ āĻāĻে āĻāĻŽি āĻেāϞিāϤে āĻĨাāĻিāĻŦ- I shall have been playing before they come.
- āϏে āĻĄিāĻ্āϰি āĻĒাāĻāϝ়াāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āĻাāϰ āĻŦāĻāϰ āĻĸাāĻা āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ়ে āĻĒāĻĄ়āϤে āĻĨাāĻāĻŦে – he will have been studying at Dhaka university for four years before he gets degree.







