Showing posts with label Tense (āĻ•াāϞ). Show all posts
Showing posts with label Tense (āĻ•াāϞ). Show all posts

Future Tense (āĻ­āĻŦিāώ্āϝāϤ āĻ•াāϞ)

Future Tense āĻ•াāĻ•ে āĻŦāϞে? āĻ•āϤ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāϰ āĻ“ āĻ•ি āĻ•ি?

āϝে tense āĻ­āĻŦিāώ্āϝāϤেāϰ āĻ•োāύ āϘāϟāύাāĻ•ে āĻŦোāĻা⧟ āϤাāĻ•ে future tense āĻŦāϞে।

The tense that expresses any future event is called future tense.

Example:

  • I shall/ will do this work - āφāĻŽি āĻāχ āĻ•াāϜāϟি āĻ•āϰāĻŦো।
  • She will go to the office - āϏে āĻ…āĻĢিāϏে āϝাāĻŦে।

Classification:

Future tense can be classified into four types:

  • Simple Future Tense
  • Future Continuous Tense
  • Future Perfect Tense
  • Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Simple Future Tense:

Simple Future Tense āĻ­āĻŦিāώ্āϝāϤে āϘāϟāĻŦে āĻāĻŽāύ āĻ•োāύ āĻ•াāϜāĻ•ে āĻŦোāĻা⧟।

Simple Future Tense denotes to an action which will happen in the future.

Example:

  • I will go to the varsity - āφāĻŽি āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞ⧟ে āϝাāĻŦো।
  • I will sing the song - āφāĻŽি āĻ—াāύāϟি āĻ—াāχāĻŦো।
  • He will help you - āϏে āϤোāĻŽাāĻ•ে āϏাāĻšাāϝ্āϝ āĻ•āϰāĻŦে।

Structure of the sentence:

Positive sentence:

Subject+ shall/will+ simple form of verb+ object.

Example:

  • I will/ shall write the poem - āφāĻŽি āĻ•āĻŦিāϤাāϟি āϞিāĻ–āĻŦো।
  • You will do the work - āϤুāĻŽি āĻ•াāϜāϟি āĻ•āϰāĻŦে।
  • They will go shopping - āϤাāϰা āĻ•েāύাāĻ•াāϟা āĻ•āϰāϤে āϝাāĻŦে।

Note: First person-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰে āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāϤ: shall āĻŦāϏāϤে āĻĒাāϰে āϤāĻŦে āφāϜāĻ•াāϞ āϏāĻŦāĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰেāχ will āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ।

Negative sentence:

Subject+ will not/ won’t + simple form of verb+ object.

Example:

  • I will not/ won’t write the poem - āφāĻŽি āĻ•āĻŦিāϤাāϟি āϞিāĻ–āĻŦো āύা।
  • You will not/ won’t do the work - āϤুāĻŽি āĻ•াāϜāϟি āĻ•āϰāĻŦে āύা।
  • They will not/ won’t go shopping - āϤাāϰা āĻ•েāύাāĻ•াāϟা āĻ•āϰāϤে āϝাāĻŦে āύা।

Interrogative sentence:

Will+ Subject+ simple form of verb+ object +note of interrogation (?)

Example:

  • Will I write the poem? - āφāĻŽি āĻ•ি āĻ•āĻŦিāϤাāϟি āϞিāĻ–āĻŦো?
  • Will you do the work? - āϤুāĻŽি āĻ•ি āĻ•াāϜāϟি āĻ•āϰāĻŦে?
  • Will they go shopping? - āϤাāϰা āĻ•ি āĻ•েāύাāĻ•াāϟা āĻ•āϰāϤে āϝাāĻŦে?

Future Continuous Tense:

Future Continuous Tense āĻ­āĻŦিāώ্āϝāϤে āϘāϟāϤে āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦে āĻāĻŽāύ āĻ•োāύ āϚāϞāĻŽাāύ āĻ•াāϜāĻ•ে āĻŦোāĻা⧟।

Future Continuous Tense denotes to an on-going action which will happen in the future.

Example:

  • I will be writing the poem - āφāĻŽি āĻ•āĻŦিāϤাāϟি āϞিāĻ–āϤে āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦো।
  • You will be doing the work - āϤুāĻŽি āĻ•াāϜāϟি āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦে।
  • They will be going shopping - āϤাāϰা āĻ•েāύাāĻ•াāϟা āĻ•āϰāϤে āϝেāϤে āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦে।

Structure of the sentence:

Positive sentence:

Subject+ will+ be+ simple form of verb+ ing + object.

Example:

  • We will be going to the fair - āφāĻŽāϰা āĻŽেāϞা⧟ āϝেāϤে āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦো।
  • You will be going to the office - āϤুāĻŽি āĻ…āĻĢিāϏে āϝেāϤে āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦে।
  • He will be helping you - āϏে āϤোāĻŽাāĻ•ে āϏাāĻšাāϝ্āϝ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦে।

Negative sentence:

Subject+ will not/ won’t + be+ simple form of verb+ ing + object.

Example:

  • We will not/ won’t be going to the fair - āφāĻŽāϰা āĻŽেāϞা⧟ āϝেāϤে āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦো āύা।
  • You will not/ won’t be going to the office - āϤুāĻŽি āĻ…āĻĢিāϏে āϝেāϤে āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦে āύা।
  • He will not/ won’t be helping you - āϏে āϤোāĻŽাāĻ•ে āϏাāĻšাāϝ্āϝ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦে āύা।

Interrogative sentence:

Will+ Subject+ be+ simple form of verb+ ing+ object +note of interrogation (?)

Example:

  • Will we be going to the fair? - āφāĻŽāϰা āĻ•ি āĻŽেāϞা⧟ āϝেāϤে āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦো?
  • Will you be going to the office? - āϤুāĻŽি āĻ•ি āĻ…āĻĢিāϏে āϝেāϤে āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦে?
  • Will he be helping you? - āϏে āĻ•ি āϤোāĻŽাāĻ•ে āϏাāĻšাāϝ্āϝ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦে?

Future Perfect Tense:

Future Perfect Tense āĻāĻŽāύ āĻ•োāύ āĻ•াāϜāĻ•ে āĻŦোāĻা⧟ āϝা āĻ­āĻŦিāώ্āϝāϤে āĻ•োāύ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿে āϘāϟে āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦে।

āĻ­āĻŦিāώ্āϝāϤে āĻĻুāϟি āĻ•াāϜ āĻšāϞে āϝে āĻ•াāϜāϟি āφāĻ—ে āĻšā§Ÿ āϏেāϟা Future Perfect Tense āĻšā§Ÿ āĻāĻŦং āϝেāϟা āĻĒāϰে āĻšā§Ÿ āϏেāϟা ‍Simple Present tense āĻšā§Ÿ।

Future Perfect Tense denotes to an action which will have been occurred at some time in the future. If two actions take place in the future, the first one is Future Perfect Tense and the second one is Simple Present Tense.

Example:

  • I will have written the poem - āφāĻŽি āĻ•āĻŦিāϤাāϟি āϞিāĻ–ে āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦো।
  • By the time you reach, we will have started our journey - āϤুāĻŽি āĻāϏে āĻĒৌঁāĻ›োāϤে āĻĒৌঁāĻ›োāϤে āφāĻŽāϰা āφāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰ āϝাāϤ্āϰা āĻļুāϰু āĻ•āϰে āĻĢেāϞāĻŦো।
  • He will have helped you - āϏে āϤোāĻŽাāĻ•ে āϏাāĻšাāϝ্āϝ āĻ•āϰে āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦে।

Structure of the sentence:

Positive sentence:

Subject+ will have+ past participle form of verb+ object. or

1st Subject+ will have+ past participle form of verb+ 1st object+ before+ 2nd Subject+ main verb + 2nd object.

Example:

  • I will have given the speech before you come - āϤুāĻŽি āφāϏাāϰ āφāĻ—ে āφāĻŽি āĻŦāĻ•্āϤāĻŦ্āϝāϟা āĻĻি⧟ে āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦো।
  • You will have gone to the office before I reach - āφāĻŽি āĻĒৌঁāĻ›াāύোāϰ āφāĻ—ে āϤুāĻŽি āĻ…āĻĢিāϏে āĻ—ি⧟ে āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦে।
  • They will have done the work - āϤাāϰা āĻ•াāϜāϟি āĻ•āϰে āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦে।

Negative sentence:

Subject+ will not/ won’t have+ past participle form of verb+ object.

1st Subject+ will not/ won’t have+ past participle form of verb+ 1st object+ before+ 2nd Subject+ main verb + 2nd object.

Example:

  • I will not/ won’t have given the speech before you come - āϤুāĻŽি āφāϏাāϰ āφāĻ—ে āφāĻŽি āĻŦāĻ•্āϤāĻŦ্āϝāϟা āĻĻি⧟ে āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦো āύা।
  • You will not/ won’t have gone to the office before I reach - āφāĻŽি āĻĒৌঁāĻ›াāύোāϰ āφāĻ—ে āϤুāĻŽি āĻ…āĻĢিāϏে āĻ—ি⧟ে āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦে āύা।
  • They will not / won’t have done the work. - āϤাāϰা āĻ•াāϜāϟি āĻ•āϰে āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦে āύা।

Interrogative sentence:

Will+ Subject+ have+ past participle form of verb+ object+ note of interrogation (?) or

Will+ 1st Subject + have+ past participle form of verb+ 1st object+ before+2nd subject+ main verb + 2nd object + note of interrogation (?)

Example:

  • Will I have given the speech before you come? - āϤুāĻŽি āφāϏাāϰ āφāĻ—ে āφāĻŽি āĻ•ি āĻŦāĻ•্āϤāĻŦ্āϝāϟি āĻĻি⧟ে āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦো?
  • Will you have gone to the office before I reach? - āφāĻŽি āĻĒৌঁāĻ›াāύোāϰ āφāĻ—ে āϤুāĻŽি āĻ•ি āĻ…āĻĢিāϏে āĻ—ি⧟ে āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦে?
  • Will they have done the work? - āϤাāϰা āĻ•ি āĻ•াāϜāϟি āĻ•āϰে āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦে?

Future Perfect Continuous Tense:

Future Perfect Continuous Tense āϚāϞāĻŽাāύ āĻ•োāύ āĻ•াāϜāĻ•ে āĻŦোāĻা⧟ āϝা āĻ­āĻŦিāώ্āϝāϤেāϰ āĻ•োāύ āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ āϧāϰে āϘāϟāϤে āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦে।

āĻ­āĻŦিāώ্āϝāϤে āĻĻুāϟি āĻ•াāϜ āĻšāϞে āϝে āĻ•াāϜāϟি āφāĻ—ে āϚāϞāϤে āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦে āϏেāϟা Future Perfect Continuous Tense āĻšā§Ÿ āĻāĻŦং āϝেāϟা āĻĒāϰে āĻšā§Ÿ āϏেāϟা ‍Simple Present tense āĻšā§Ÿ।

Future Perfect Continuous Tense denotes to an on-going action which will be done at a certain time in the future. If two actions take place in the future, the first one which will be continued is Future Perfect Continuous Tense and the second one is Simple Present Tense.

Example:

  • I will have been doing the work until you return. - āϤুāĻŽি āĻĢিāϰে āύা āφāϏা āĻĒāϰ্āϝāύ্āϤ āφāĻŽি āĻ•াāϜāϟি āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦো।
  • The students will have been doing the class until the bell rings. - āϘāύ্āϟা āύা āĻŦাāϜা āĻĒāϰ্āϝāύ্āϤ āĻ›াāϤ্āϰāϰা āĻ•্āϞাāϏ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦে।

Structure of the sentence:

Positive sentence:

Subject+ will have been+ simple form of verb+ ing + object. or

1st Subject+ will have been+ simple form of verb+ ing + 1st object+ before/ until + 2nd Subject+ main verb + 2nd object.

Example:

  • We will have been doing the work. - āφāĻŽāϰা āĻ•াāϜāϟি āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦো।
  • The student will have been doing the math before the teacher comes. - āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻ• āφāϏাāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦ āĻĒāϰ্āϝāύ্āϤ āĻ›াāϤ্āϰāϟি āĻ…ংāĻ•āϟি āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦে।
  • They will have been watching the movie before you come. - āϤুāĻŽি āφāϏাāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦ āĻĒāϰ্āϝāύ্āϤ āϤাāϰা āĻ›া⧟াāĻ›āĻŦিāϟি āĻĻেāĻ–āϤে āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦে।

Negative sentence:

Subject+ will not/ won’t have+ been+ simple form of verb+ ing + object. or

1st Subject+ will not/ won’t have+ been+ simple form of verb+ ing + 1st object+ before/until+ 2nd Subject+ main verb + 2nd object.

Example:

  • We will not have been doing the work. - āφāĻŽāϰা āĻ•াāϜāϟি āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦো āύা।
  • The student will not/ won’t have been doing the math before the teacher comes. - āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻ• āφāϏাāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦ āĻĒāϰ্āϝāύ্āϤ āĻ›াāϤ্āϰāϟি āĻ…ংāĻ•āϟি āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦে āύা।
  • They will not / won’t have been watching the movie before you come. - āϤুāĻŽি āφāϏাāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦ āĻĒāϰ্āϝāύ্āϤ āϤাāϰা āĻ›া⧟াāĻ›āĻŦিāϟি āĻĻেāĻ–āϤে āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦে āύা।

Interrogative sentence:

Will+ Subject+ have+ been + simple form of verb+ ing + object + note of interrogation (?)

or

Will+ 1st Subject + have+ been + simple form of verb+ ing + 1st object+ before+2nd subject+ main verb + 2nd object + note of interrogation (?)

Example:

  • Will I have been giving the speech before you come? - āϤুāĻŽি āφāϏাāϰ āφāĻ—ে āφāĻŽি āĻ•ি āĻŦāĻ•্āϤāĻŦ্āϝāϟি āĻĻিāϤে āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦো?
  • Will you have been going to the office before I reach? - āφāĻŽি āĻĒৌঁāĻ›াāύোāϰ āφāĻ—ে āϤুāĻŽি āĻ•ি āĻ…āĻĢিāϏে āϝেāϤে āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦে?
  • Will they have been doing the work? - āϤাāϰা āĻ•ি āĻ•াāϜāϟি āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦে?

Present Tense (āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύ āĻ•াāϞ)

Tense (āĻ•াāϞ)

āĻ•োāύ āĻ•াāϜ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒাāĻĻāύেāϰ āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦা āĻ…āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ/āϏāĻŽā§ŸāĻ•াāϞāĻ•ে Tense āĻŦāϞা āĻšā§Ÿ।

āχংāϰেāϜি sentence āĻ—āĻ āύেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ tense āĻāϰ āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦ āĻ…āϏীāĻŽ। āχংāϰেāϜিāϤে āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āϏāĻŽā§ŸāĻ•াāϞ āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻ•āϰাāϰ āϜāύ্āϝে tense āĻāϰ āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ form āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§Ÿ। Tense āĻāϰ āĻŽোāϟ ⧧⧍ āϟি form āϰ⧟েāĻ›ে। āϏāĻ•āϞ āχংāϰেāϜি āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝ āĻāχ ⧧⧍ āϟি form āĻāϰ āϝেāĻ•োāύ āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻĻি⧟েāχ āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§Ÿ।  

Tense, in English grammar, refers to the time of an action or event. It tells when the work is done. It identifies whether the work is done in the present, the past or the future.

There are three types of Tenses

  • Present Tense (āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύ āĻ•াāϞ)
  • Past Tense (āĻ…āϤীāϤ āĻ•াāϞ)
  • Future Tense (āĻ­āĻŦিāώ্āĻ¯ā§Ž āĻ•াāϞ)

Example:

  • I eat Rice/He eats rice. (Present Tense)
  • I ate rice/He ate rice. (Past Tense)
  • I shall eat rice/He will eat rice. (Future Tense)

Present Tense āĻ•াāĻ•ে āĻŦāϞে?  āĻ•āϤ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāϰ āĻ“ āĻ•ি āĻ•ি?  

Present Tense (āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύ āĻ•াāϞ)

Present Tense āĻāϰ āϚাāϰāϟি form āϰ⧟েāĻ›ে।

  • Present Indefinite Tense
  • Present Continuous Tense
  • Present Perfect Tense
  • Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Present Indefinite Tense

āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύ āĻ•াāϞে āĻ•োāύ āĻ•াāϜ āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§Ÿে āĻĨাāĻ•ে, āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦা āĻ…āĻ­্āϝাāϏāĻ—āϤāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§Ÿ, āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦা āϚিāϰ āϏāϤ্āϝ āĻ•োāύ āĻ•াāϜ āĻŦোāĻাāϞে āϤাāĻ•ে Present Indefinite Tense āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§Ÿ।

It describes an action that is true, regular or normal. It uses the main verb or base form of the verb or the root verb.

āĻŦাংāϞা⧟ āϚেāύাāϰ āωāĻĒা⧟: Verb āĻāϰ āĻļেāώে āĻ…, āφ, āĻ, āχ, āĻāύ, āĻ“,āĻāϏ,āφāϝ়,āφāύ āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦে।

 Example:

  • I go to School - āφāĻŽি āϏ্āĻ•ুāϞে āϝাāχ।
  • He goes to school - āϏে āϏ্āĻ•ুāϞে āϝা⧟।
  • They play cricket - āϤাāϰা āĻ•্āϰিāĻ•েāϟ āĻ–েāϞে।

Structure of the sentence: Base/root form of the verb is used as the main verb.

Positive Sentence:

Subject + main verb + complement

Note: In a sentence, if the subject is a third person singular number (he, she, it, or a singular noun), then ‘s’, ‘es’, ‘ies’ is added with the main verb in the sentence. But, if the subject is plural, there will be no addition of ‘s’, ‘es’, or ‘ies’.

Example:

  • I go to the market. (using the root form ‘go’)
  • He goes to the market. (root form of the verb is ‘go’ but ‘he’ is a third person singular number that’s why an extra ‘es’ is added with the verb)
  • Hasina wants a cup of tea. (Hasina is third person singular number)
  • The boys play cricket. (‘the boys’ = a third person plural number, that’s why there is no ‘s’ with the verb)

Negative Sentence:

Subject + Do not/Does not + main verb + object

Note: If the subject is ‘he/she/it or a singular noun’ then ‘Does not’ will be used to make it negative. If the subject of a sentence is ‘I/you/we/they’ or a plural noun, then ‘Do not’ will be used to make it negative.

Example:

  • Positive: I eat rice.
    Negative: I do not eat rice.
  • Positive: He goes to School.
    Negative: He does not go to School.
  • Positive: He walks in the evening.
    Negative: He does not walk in the evening.
  • Positive: They like to dance.
    Negative: They do not like to dance.

Question Sentence:

Do/ Does + Subject + Main verb + Object + Note of interrogation (?)

Note: If the sentence starts with the subject ‘he/she/it or a singular noun’ then ‘Does’ is used to make it Interrogative. If the sentence starts with the subject ‘I/we/you/they or a plural noun’ then ‘Do’ is used to make it Interrogative.

Example:

  • Positive: He sings a song.
    Interrogative: Does he sing a song?
  • Positive: She likes to talk to you.
    Interrogative: Does she like to talk to you?
  • Positive: We try to do the assignment.
    Interrogative: Do we try to do the assignment?
  • Positive: They love you.
    Interrogative: Do they love you?

Using ‘Be verb’ (am/is/are):

Subject + be verb (am/is/are) + object

Note: ‘am’ is used with the subject ‘I’. ‘is’ is used with the subject ‘he/she/it or the singular form of nouns. ‘are’ is used with the ‘we/you/they or the plural form of nouns.

Example:

  • I am a musician.
  • It is my pen
  • You are a fraud.

Negative sentence:

Subject + am not/is not/are not + object

Example:

  • Positive: I am a good boy.
    Negative: I am not a good boy.
  • Positive: It is her book.
    Negative: It is not her book.
  • Positive: You are my friend.
    Negative: You are not my friend.

Interrogative:

Am/is/are + subject + object + Note of Interrogation (?)

Example:

  • Positive: I am an intelligent boy.
    Interrogative: Am I an intelligent boy?
  • Positive: He is angry.
    Interrogative: Is he angry?
  • Positive: They are my friends.
    Interrogative: Are they my friends?

Present Continuous Tense

āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύāĻ•াāϞে āĻŦা āĻ…āĻĻূāϰ/āύিāĻ•āϟ āĻ­āĻŦিāώ্āϝāϤে āĻ•োāύ āĻ•াāϜ āϚāϞāĻ›ে/āϚāϞāĻŦে āĻŦোāĻাāϞে Present Continuous Tense āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻšā§Ÿ।

The present continuous tense designates an action that is being continued or going to be continued in the near future.

āĻŦাংāϞা⧟ āϚেāύাāϰ āωāĻĒা⧟: Verb āĻāϰ āĻļেāώে āϤেāĻ›, āϤেāĻ›ি , āϤেāĻ›েāύ, āϤেāĻ›ে, āϚ্āĻ›, āϚ্āĻ›ি, āϚ্āĻ›ে, āϚ্āĻ›েāύ, āĻ›েāύ, āĻ›ি  āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āĻĨাāĻ•ে।

Example:

  • I am going to school - āφāĻŽি āϏ্āĻ•ুāϞে āϝাāϚ্āĻ›ি।
  • He is going to market - āϏে āĻŦাāϜাāϰে āϝাāϚ্āĻ›ে।
  • They are playing football - āϤাāϰা āĻĢুāϟāĻŦāϞ āĻ–েāϞāĻ›ে।
  • The bus is leaving at 4.00 pm – āĻŦাāϏāϟি āϚাāϰāϟা⧟ āĻ›া⧜āĻŦে। (āύিāĻ•āϟ āĻ­āĻŦিāώ্āϝāϤ)

Structure of the sentence: Verb āĻāϰ present form āĻāϰ āϏাāĻĨে ing āϝোāĻ— āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻšā§Ÿ।

Positive sentence:

Subject + am/is/are + main verb + ing + object

Example:

  • I am eating rice.
  • He is running to and fro.
  • They are going to school.
  • They are going to attend a party tonight. (āύিāĻ•āϟ āĻ­āĻŦিāώ্āϝāϤ)

Note: ‘I’ āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ am āĻŦāϏে, He/she/it āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ is āĻŦāϏে। āĻāĻŦং subjectāϝāĻĻি third person singular number āĻšā§Ÿ āϤাāĻšāϞেāĻ“ subject āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ is āĻŦāϏে। We/you/they āĻāĻŦং plural subject āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ are āĻŦāϏে।

Negative sentence:

Subject + am/is/are + not + Main verb + ing + object

Example:

  • He is not drinking milk.
  • I’m not going to open a bank account.
  • They are not going to play football.

āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨাā§Ž, am/is/are āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟি not āϝোāĻ— āĻ•āϰে āĻĻিāϞেāχ negative sentence āĻšā§Ÿে āϝা⧟।

Interrogative sentence:

Am/is/are + subject + main verb + ing + object + ?

Example:

  • Am I going to Chittagong?
  • Is he drinking water?
  • Are they playing badminton?

Present Perfect Tense

āĻ•োāύ āĻ•াāϜ āĻļেāώ āĻšā§Ÿে āĻ—েāĻ›ে āĻ…āĻĨāϚ āϤাāϰ āĻĢāϞ āĻāĻ–āύāĻ“ āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝāĻŽাāύ āφāĻ›ে, āĻāϰāĻ•āĻŽ āĻŦোāĻাāϞে present perfect tense āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ। 

It describes the work which has been done, but the effect exists till now.

āĻŦাংāϞা⧟ āϚেāύাāϰ āωāĻĒা⧟Verb āĻāϰ āĻļেāώে āϝ়াāĻ›ে, āĻāĻ›ে, āϝ়াāĻ›, āϝ়াāĻ›ি, āĻāĻ›ি, āϝ়াāĻ›েāύ, āϝ়াāĻ›ে, āϝ়েāĻ›, āχāϝ়াāĻ›ি, āχāϝ়াāĻ›, āχāϝ়াāĻ›ে, āχāϝ়েāĻ›, āχāϝ়াāĻ›েāύ āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āĻŦāϏে। āĻāĻ›াāĻĄ়া āĻ•āϰি āύাāχ, āĻ•āϰিāύি, āĻ–াāχ āύাāχ, āĻ–াāχāύি, āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āĻŦোāĻাāϞে Present Perfect Tense āĻšāϝ়।

Example:

  • He has done the work - āϏে āĻ•াāϜāϟি āĻ•āϰি⧟াāĻ›ে / āĻ•āϰেāĻ›ে।
  • I have gone to the market - āφāĻŽি āĻŦাāϜাāϰে āĻ—ি⧟াāĻ›ি/āĻ—ি⧟েāĻ›ি।
  • They have eaten mangoes – āϤাāϰা āφāĻŽāĻ—ুāϞো āĻ–ে⧟েāĻ›ে।
  • I have not eaten banana - āφāĻŽি āĻ•āϞা āĻ–াāχāύি।

Structure of the sentence: The past participle form of the verb is used after have/has.

Positive sentence:

Subject + have/has + past participle form of verb + object

Example:

  • He has done the work.
  • I have eaten rice.
  • They have worked hard.

Note: Subject āϝāĻĻি He/she/it āĻāĻŦং third person singular number āĻšā§Ÿ āϤাāĻšāϞে has āĻŦāϏāĻŦে। Subject āϝāĻĻি I/we/they/you āĻāĻŦং plural subject āĻāϰ āϏাāĻĨে have āĻŦāϏāĻŦে।

Negative sentence:

Subject + have/has + not + past participle form of verb + object

Example:

  • He has not eaten rice.
  • They have not come to our house.
  • I have not gone to school.

Interrogative sentence:

Have/has + subject + past participle form of verb + object + ?

Example:

  • Has he done the homework?
  • Have they gone to school?
  • Have you learned speaking English?

Present Perfect Continuous Tense

āĻ•োāύ āĻ•াāϜ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āĻļুāϰু āĻšā§Ÿে āĻāĻ–āύāĻ“ āϚāϞāĻ›ে āĻŦোāĻাāϞে Present perfect continuous tense āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ।

The work started in the past and it is still running is called Present perfect continuous tense

āĻŦাংāϞা⧟ āϚেāύাāϰ āωāĻĒা⧟āĻŦাংāϞাāϝ় āĻ•্āϰিāϝ়াāϰ āĻļেāώে āϤেāĻ›, āϤেāĻ›ি,āϤেāĻ›ে, āϤেāĻ›েāύ, āϚ্āĻ›, āϚ্āĻ›ি, āϚ্āĻ›ে, āϚ্āĻ›েāύ, āĻ›্, āĻ›ি্, āĻ›ে্, āĻ›ে্āύ, āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ– āĻĨাāĻ•ে āĻāĻŦং āϏাāĻĨে āϏāĻŽāϝ়েāϰ āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ– āĻĨাāĻ•ে।

Example:

  • I have been walking for two hours - āφāĻŽি āĻĻুāχ āϘāύ্āϟা āϝাāĻŦā§Ž āĻšাāϟāĻ›ি।
  • He has been working in this office for five years - āϏে āĻāχ āĻ…āĻĢিāϏে āĻĒাঁāϚ āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āϝাāĻŦā§Ž āĻ•াāϜ āĻ•āϰāĻ›ে।
  • They have been suffering from fever since Tuesday - āϤাāϰা āĻŽāĻ™্āĻ—āϞāĻŦাāϰ āĻšāχāϤে āϜ্āĻŦāϰে āĻ­ুāĻ—āĻ›ে।

Note: Subject third person singular number or he/she/ it āĻšāϞে has been āĻŦāϏে। I/we/you/they āĻāĻŦং āĻ…āύ্āϝāϏāĻŦ subject āĻāϰ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে have been āĻŦāϏে। 

Note:

For āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻ•াāϜেāϰ āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ āĻāĻ•āϟা āϏāĻŽā§Ÿেāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŽাāĻŖ āĻŦুāĻাāϤে āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§Ÿ।

For is used to talk about a period of time: three hours, three months, twelve years, etc. For can be used with all tenses.

Since āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻāĻ•āϟা āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻļুāϰু āĻšā§Ÿে āφāϏা āĻ•াāϜেāϰ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§Ÿ।

Since is used to talk about a point in past time: Sunday, 6th January, Morning, etc. Since can be used only in perfect tenses.

Structure of the sentence:

Positive sentence:

Subject + have been/has been + main verb + ing + since/from/for + object.

Example:

  1. He has been reading this newspaper for two hours.
  2. They have been walking since 7 am.
  3. You have been talking about the Internet for three hours.

Negative sentence:

Subject + have not/has not + been + main verb + ing + since/from/for + object.

Example:

  • I have not been walking for two hours.
  • It has not been raining.

Interrogative sentence:

Have/has + subject + been + main verb + ing + since/for (if needed) + object + ?

Example:

  • Has he been watching the movie?
  • Have they been waiting for two hours?
  • Has it been raining since morning?
https://english-grammarblog.blogspot.com/2022/03/all-about-completing-sentences.html
https://english-grammarblog.blogspot.com/2020/12/rules-of-changing-voice-active-to-passive.html
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