কোন Sentence এ একই অর্থসম্পন্ন word বা অভিব্যক্তির অহেতুক পুনরাবৃত্তিকে Redundancy বলে। বাংলায় তা বাহুল্য দোষ হিসেবে পরিচিত। এটি লেখার মান কমিয়ে দেয়, তাই সঠিক নিয়ম জানা অত্যন্ত জরুরি।
What is Redundancy বাহুল্য (দোষ) in English Grammar?
নিচে ছকের মাধ্যমে সঠিক এবং ভুল বা বাহুল্যযুক্ত এক্সপ্রেশনগুলোর তুলনা দেওয়া হলো:
| Concise expression (correct) | Redundant expression (incorrect) |
|---|---|
| Repeat | ✖️Repeat again |
| Return | ✖️Return back |
| Revert | ✖️Revert back |
| Join | ✖️Join together |
| Compete | ✖️Compete together |
| Advance | ✖️Advance forward |
| Proceed | ✖️Proceed forward |
| Progress | ✖️Progress forward |
| When | ✖️The time When |
| Where | ✖️The place Where |
| Where | ✖️In a situation Where |
| Same | ✖️Same identical |
| Innovation | ✖️New Innovation |
| Discuss | ✖️Discuss about |
| Because / Owing to | ✖️Owing to the fact that |
| Because / Due to | ✖️Due to the fact that |
| Twins | ✖️Two Twins |
| Because | ✖️Reason Because |
| Enough / sufficient | ✖️sufficient enough |
Redundant word যুক্ত সকল sentence -ই incorrect
নিচে বাক্যভিত্তিক কিছু উদাহরণ দেওয়া হলো যা এই বাহুল্য দোষগুলো স্পষ্ট করে:
- Incorrect: she repeated the words again.
Correct: She repeated the words. - Incorrect: He will return back soon.
Correct: He will return soon. - Incorrect: They reverted the man back.
Correct: They reverted the man. - Incorrect : we joined together in a meeting.
Correct: we joined in a meeting - Incorrect : The two rivals competed together.
Correct : The two rivals competed. - Incorrect : we advanced forward.
Correct : we advanced. - Incorrect: The mountain climbers proceeded forward.
Correct: The mountain climbers proceeded. - Incorrect: The course allows students to progress forward at their own speed.
Correct : The course allows students to progress at their own speed. - Incorrect: I know the time when he will come.
Correct : I know when he will come. - Incorrect : I know the place where he lives.
Correct: I know where he lives - Incorrect: This is a new innovation.
Correct: This is an innovation. - Incorrect: The ideas are same identical.
Correct: The ideas are same. - Incorrect: The water is sufficient enough for them.
Correct: The water is sufficient for them. - Incorrect: He came here for the purpose of helping me.
Correct: He came here for helping me. - Incorrect : I could not attend the meeting due to the fact that I was ill.
Correct : I could not attend the meeting because I was ill - Incorrect : we discussed about the economic condition of Bangladesh.
Correct: we discussed the economic condition of Bangladesh.
Redundancy - unnecessary phrases
অপ্রয়োজনীয় ফ্রেজ ব্যবহারের কারণেও বাক্যে বাহুল্য দোষ দেখা দিতে পারে:
- Incorrect: Mr. Davis knows a great deal in terms of the condition of the situation.
Correct: Mr. Davis knows a great deal of the situation. - Incorrect : It was a problem which was very difficult in character and very delicate in nature.
Correct : It was a problem which was very difficult and very delicate. - Incorrect: The disease was very serious in the nature of it.
Correct: The disease was very serious. - Incorrect: Mary had always behaved in a responsible manner.
Correct : Mary had always behaved in a responsible.
Redundancy – Repetition of noun by pronoun
একটি বাক্যে একই সাথে নাউন এবং প্রোনাউন পুনরাবৃত্তি করার ফলে যে বাহুল্য তৈরি হয়:
- Incorrect: Steve he plans to go into business with his father.
Correct: Steve plans to go into business with his father. - Incorrect: My sister she found a store that imported food from our country.
Correct: My sister found a store that imported food from our country.
Key Takeaways
- Redundancy হলো একই অর্থসম্পন্ন শব্দ বা অভিব্যক্তির অহেতুক পুনরাবৃত্তি।
- Repeat again, return back, discuss about এর মতো এক্সপ্রেশনগুলো ভুল।
- একটি বাক্যে একই সাথে নাউন ও তার অতিরিক্ত প্রোনাউন (যেমন: Steve he) ব্যবহার করা বাহুল্য দোষের অন্তর্ভুক্ত।
- সঠিক ও সাবলীল বাক্য গঠনে অপ্রয়োজনীয় শব্দ বর্জন করা উচিত।
Quick Practice
আপনার কি এই নিয়মটি বুঝতে পেরেছেন? নিচের বাক্যটির সঠিক রূপ কী হবে কমেন্ট বক্সে লিখে জানান:
Practice Question: "Please repeat the instruction again."
FAQ
What is redundancy in grammar?
Redundancy in grammar refers to the unnecessary repetition of words or expressions that share the exact same meaning within a single sentence.
Why should we avoid redundancy?
We should avoid redundancy because it makes sentences wordy, repetitive, and grammatically weak. Concise writing is clearer and more professional.
Are phrases like 'discuss about' incorrect?
Yes, 'discuss' already means to talk about something, making 'about' redundant and grammatically incorrect in formal English.