Rule-1.
Who, which, that, whose, whom ইত্যাদি Relative pronoun দ্বারা incomplete sentence এর clause শুরু হলে এগুলোর পূর্বের Antecedent (যার পরিবর্তে who, which ইত্যাদি বসে) অনুযায়ী verb-এর রূপ বসিয়ে Sentence-টি complete করতে হয়। যেমন-
Incom: It is I who............
Com: It is I who am to blame.
Incom: I know the man who..................
Com: I know the man who came here yesterday.
Rule-2.
কোন Incomplete sentence-এ so that থাকলে এরপর Present tense-এর ক্ষেত্রে may/can এবং past tense-এর ক্ষেত্রে might/could বসিয়ে Sentence টি Complete করতে হয়। এক্ষেত্রে নিচের Structure অনুযায়ী Sentence গঠন করতে হবে।
Sub+......+ so that + sub + can/may/could/might + verb +.....
Incom: Rahman reads more so that.......
Com: Rahman reads more so that he can get GPA-5.
Incom: He works hard so that........
Comp: He works hard so that he may pass in the examination.
Rule-3.
Sentence-এ so that এর মতোই in order that ব্যবহৃত হয়। এক্ষেত্রে অনুরূপভাবে in order that এর পর subject may/can কিংবা might/could + verb +...... বসাতে হয়। যেমন-
Incom: Raka works hard in order that ......
Com : Raka works hard in order that she can prosper in life.
Incom: The boy ran quickly in order that ..........
Com: The boy ran quickly in order that he might get in first prize.
Rule-4.
Unless দ্বারা কোন clause শুরু হলে Incomplete sentence কে complete করার সময় প্রদত্ত Incomplete sentence টির সাথে একটি সঙ্গতিপূর্ণ sentence যোগ করতে হয়। মনে রাখতে হবে, Unless দ্বারা কোন clause শুরু হলে সে clause-এ 'not' ব্যবহৃত হয় না। যেমন -
Incom: Unless you you study more .....
Com: Unless you you study more, you will fail in the exam.
Incom: Unless you work hard .....
Com: Unless you work hard, you will not shine.
Rule-5.
কোন Sentence-এ 'Until / Till' থাকলে পরবর্তী sentence টি অবশ্যই Affirmative হবে। এক্ষেত্রে Till-এর পূর্বের বাক্যটি Past Tense হলে Until / Till-যুক্ত বাক্যটিও অনুরূপভাবে past Tense-এ হবে। যেমন-
Incom: Just wait till.............
Com: Just wait till he comes.
Rule-6.
In case-যুক্ত বাক্যটি মূলতঃ Principal clause-এর কারণ নির্দেশ করে। এক্ষেত্রে Principal clause-টি Present Indefinite বা Future Indefinite হলে , In case যুক্ত বাক্যটি Present indefinite tense হয়। অপরূপভাবে Principal clause টি past indefinite হলে, পরবর্তী অংশও Past Indefinite হবে। যেমন-
Incom: I want to do the sum in case ......
Com: I want to do the sum in case the teacher permits.
Incom: I will take my umbrella in case......
Com: I will take my umbrella in case it rains.
Rule-7.
Lest দ্বারা কোন clause শুরু হলে lest এর পর should / might দিয়ে sentence টি complete করতে হয়। মনে রাখতে হবে lest যুক্ত কোন sentence-এ no/not বসে না। যেমন-
Incom: Walk fast lest..................
Com: Walk fast lest you should miss the train.
Rule-8.
Is the time when / is the day when / is the year when ইত্যাদি যুক্ত Incomplete sentence কে Complete করতে When এর পর subject বসিয়ে verb-এর present form ব্যবহার করতে হয়। কিন্তু অতীতে ঘটে যাওয়া কোন ঘটনা হলে verb এর past form হবে। যেমন-
Incom: 7 A.M. is the time when .......
Com: 7 A.M. is the time when Ruba goes to school.
Incom: Saturday is the day when ......
Com: Saturday is the day when the week starts.
Rule-9.
As if / As though দ্বারা মূলত: Unreal past অর্থ প্রকাশ করা হয়। 'As if / As though' এর প্রথম অংশ present indefinite tense হলে পরের অংশটি past Indefinite tense হবে। আবার প্রথম অংশটি past Indefinite tense হলে পরের অংশটি past perfect tense হবে। যেমন-
Incom: He talks as if..............
Com: He talks as if he knew everything.
Incom: He talked as if............
Com : He talked as if as if he had known everything.
Rule-10.
No sooner had......... than, Hardly had.......... when, Scarcely had......... when এ জাতীয় structure যুক্ত sentence-এ than ও when এর পূর্বের অংশ Past Perfect tense এবং এর পরের অংশ Past Indefinite tense হয়। যেমন-
Incom: No sooner had the doctor gone .....
Com: No sooner had the doctor gone than the patient died.
Incom: Hardly had I reached the college ......
Com: Hardly had I reached the college when the examination began.
Rule-11.
'As long as' দিয়ে একটি নির্দিষ্ট সময় বুঝায়। এক্ষেত্রে, As long as-এর পূর্বের clause-এর Tense অনুযায়ী পরবর্তী clause-এর Tense হয়। যেমন-
Incom: We learn as long as................
Com: We learn as long as we live.
Incom: He did the work as long as.............
Com: He did the work as long as he could.
Rule-12.
The place......... where এ জাতীয় Incomplete sentence স্থান নির্দেশ করে। এক্ষেত্রে Incomplete senter এর শেষে where + subj + verb বসিয়ে complete করতে হবে। যেমন-
Incom: A railway station is the place .........
Com: A railway station is the place where trains stop.
Incom : The Hague is the city .....
Com: The Hague is the city where the International Court of Justice is located.
Rule-13.
Would rather / Would sooner যুক্ত sentence-এ than ব্যবহার করে complete করতে হয়।
Incom: I would rather die........
Com: I would rather die than beg.
Incom: He would rather drink milk..........
Com: He would rather drink milk than tea.
Rule-14.
(i) Present Ind./Present Perfect + since + Past Indefinite.
(ii) Past Indefinite + since + past perfect
যেমন -
It is many years since we first met in Rajshahi.
Five years passed since I had met you.
Rule-15.
Lest + subject + should/might + V1.
যেমন- I told him everything lest he should misunderstand me.
Rule-16.
It is time + Infinitive (to + verb).
যেমন - It is time to start our Journey.
It is time for + objective form + infinitive.
যেমন- It is time for us to study the lesson.
It is high time/It is time + subject + V2.
যেমন- It is high time we studied a lot.
It was high time/time + past perfect.
যেমন- It was high time we had studied a lot.
Condional Sentences
Rule-17:
Zero conditional:
If + present Ind. (Science), Present Ind.
যেমন- If you heat the ice, it melts.
1st conditional:
If + present Ind., Future Ind. (Sub. + will/can/ may + V1).
যেমন-
If you come here, I will go there.
If you love me, I will love you.
2nd Conditional:
If + past Ind. Sub + would/could/might + V1.
যেমন- If I were a king, I would help the poor.
3rd Conditional:
a) If + past perfect, sub + would have/could have/might have + V3.
যেমন- If I had read more, I would have obtained A+.
b) Had + sub. + V3, Sub. + would have/could have/might have + V3.
যেমন- Had I been a king, I would have set up a hospital.
Rule-18.
Would that + sub + could + Verb-এর base form.
Incom: Would that ......
Com: Would that I could fly in the sky.
