Rule-1: Since/ as / when যুক্ত Complex Sentence এর দুটি Clause এর Subject এক হলে এবং দুটি clause এ মূল verb থাকলে প্রদত্ত নিয়মটির সাহায্যে Simple করতে হয়।
প্রথমে প্রথম Sentence এর মূল Verb এর Present form এর সাথে ing যোগ করতে হয় + প্রথম Clause এর ক্রিয়ার পরের অংশ বসে + comma (,) বসে + দ্বিতীয় Clause এর Subject এর জায়গায় প্রথম Sentence এর Subject বসে + দ্বিতীয় Sentence এর বাকি অংশ বসে।
যেমন:
Complex: Since the old man killed the bird, he brought bad luck to the crew.
Simple: Killing the bird, the old man brought bad luck to the crew.
Complex: When the thief saw the police, he ran away.
Simple: Seeing the police, the thief ran away.
Complex: As I had forgotten him, I went out.
Simple: Forgetting him, I went out.
Or Having forgotten him, I went out.
Complex: When the mutton chop arrived, she took me to task.
Simple: On the arrival of the mutton chop, she took me to task.
Complex: When he woke up, it was raining.
Simple: On his waking up, it was raining.
Rule-2: দুটি Clause এর Subject ভিন্ন হলে এবং প্রথম Clause foc am/ is are/ was/ were/ has/ have/ had থাকলে নিয়মটি দাড়ায় :
When/since/as উঠে যায়। প্রথম Clause-এর am/is/are / was/ were এর পরিবর্তে being বসে বা has/have/had এর পরিবর্তে having বসে (তাছাড়া প্রথম Clause-টির আর পরিবর্তন হয় না) + দ্বিতীয় Clause টি বসে।
বিঃ দ্রঃ since/as/when সর্বদা উঠে যায়।
Complex: Since the weather was very cold, there were no birds or animals in the snow covered country
Simple: The weather being very cold, there were no birds or animals in the snow covered country.
Complex: When the meeting was over, we went back home.
Simple: The meeting being over, we went back home.
Rule-3: Since/as Complex Sentence 4 Clause | দুটির Subject এক হলে এবং Since যুক্ত Clause টির শুধুমাত্র be verb (am/is/ are/ was/ were / has/ have /had) থাকলে নিচের নিয়মের সাহায্যে Simple করতে হয় :
Since/as এর পরিবর্তে প্রথমে Because of বসে + সে clause Subject Possessive form +am/is/ are/ was/ were এর পরিবর্তে being এবং has/have/ had এর পরিবর্তে having বসে + সে Sentence এর বাকি অংশ বসে + comma (,) বসে + বাকি Sentence টি বসে।
Complex: Since he was small, he could not work hard.
Simple: Because of his being small, he could not work hard.
Complex: Jerry was loved by the authoress as he had integrity.
Simple: Jerry was loved by the authoress because of his having integrity.
Rule-4: Complex/ Compound Sentence কে Simple করার নিয়ম :
সময়বাচক Clause এর Subject এবং Verb উঠে যায় + সময় বাচক অংশটি বসে + অপর Clause টি বসে।
বিঃ দ্রঃ When/and থাকলে উঠে যায়। অল্প সময়ে তার পূর্বে at বসে।
Compound: It was twenty years ago and I was living in Paris.
Twenty years ago I was living in Paris.
Complex: When it was daylight, I was awakened by the sound of chopping.
Simple: At daylight I was awakened by the sound of chopping.
Complex: I could picture him when he was four.
Simple: I could picture him at four.
Rule-5: if (Negative)
Complex Sentence কে simple করার নিয়ম :
প্রথমে without বসে + "If Clause এর মূল Verb এর Present form এর সাথ ing যোগ করতে হয় + ক্রিয়ার পরের অংশ বসে + অপর Clause টি বসে।
Complex: If you do not work hard, you will not prosper in life.
Simple: Without working hard, you will not prosper in life.
Complex: If you do not read attentively, you will not pass the examination.
Simple: Without reading attentively, you will not pass the examination.
বিঃ দ্রঃ If clause টি Affirmative হলে Simple করার without শব্দটির জায়গায় by বসে। আর সব সময় ঠিক থাকে।
Complex: If you work hard, you can succeed in life.
Simple: By working hard, you can succeed in life.
Rule-6: So Complex Sentence Simple Sentence-এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম :
প্রদত্ত Sentence-এর প্রথম থেকে so এর পূর্ব পর্যন্ত বসে + so থেকে may / might/ can/ could পর্যন্ত উঠে যায় + to বসে + প্রদত্ত Sentence এর বাকি অংশ বসে।
Complex: He worked hard so that he could prosper in life.
Simple: He worked hard to prosper in life.
Complex: I read more so that I can make a good result.
Simple: I read more in order to make a good result.
Complex: Jerry loved the writer so that he might/could be close to her.
Simple: Jerry loved the writer to/in order to be close to her.
Rule-7 so-that Complex Sentence
Simple Sentence-এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম : so এর জায়গায় too বসে, এছাড়া that এর পূর্ব পর্যন্ত আর কোন পরিবর্তন হয় না + that থেকে not পর্যন্ত উঠে যায় + to বসে + বাকি অংশ বসে।
Complex: He is so weak that he cannot walk.
Simple: He is too weak to walk.
Complex: He was so sincere a boy that could not neglect his duties.
Simple: He was too sincere a boy to neglect his duties.
Rule-8: Though/ Although Complex Sentence কে Simple Sentence-এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম :
Though/Although-এর পরিবর্তে In spite of বসে + সেই Clause এর Subject-এর Possessive form বসে + সেই Clause am/is/are/was/ were being বা সে clause এর has/have/had এর পরিবর্তে having বসে বা সে বাক্যের মূল Verb এর Present form এর সাথে ing যোগ করতে হয় + Clause এর বাকি অংশ বসে + অপর Clause বসে।
Complex: Though he tried heart and soul, he could not pass the examination.
Simple: In spite of his trying heart and soul, he could not pass the examination.
Complex: Although the man has vast riches, he wants more.
Simple: In spite of having vast riches, the man wants more.
Rule-9: Noun Clause Complex Sentence Simple করার সময় Noun Clause টিকে Noun বা Noun Phrase এ রূপান্তর করতে হয়।
Complex: I know where he was born.
Simple: I know his birth place.
Complex: We know where he lives.
Simple: We know his residence.
Complex: That he is honest is known to all.
Simple: His honesty is known to all.
Complex: When he will come is uncertain.
Simple: His arrival is uncertain.
Complex: The fact is that he stole the pen.
Simple: His stealing the pen is a fact.
Complex: Everything depends on how he behaves.
Simple: Everything depends on his behaviour.
Rule-10: Relative Pronoun Subject উক্ত relative Pronoun এর পরবর্তী verb উঠে যায়। Relative pronoun adjective subject পূর্বে বসে ।
Complex: The boy who is rich can continue his studies.
Simple: The rich boy can continue his studies.
Complex: The man who is lazy can not shine in life.
Simple: The lazy man can not shine in life.
Complex: He has no money which he can lend me.
Simple: He has no money to lend me.
Rule-11: Relative prounoun-ft Object fact করলে Relative pronoun টি ও তার পরবর্তী verb উঠে যায় এবং Relative pronoun এর পরের adjectiveটি Object এর পূর্বে বসে ৷
Complex: I know the boy who is rich.
Simple: I know the rich boy.
Complex: He lived In a cottage which is small.
Simple: He lived in a small cottage.
Rule-12: Adjective Clause Complex Sentence কে Present participle এর মাধ্যমে Simple করার নিয়ম : Relative pronoun-টি subject কে নির্দেশ করলে এবং তার পর main verb থাকলে উক্ত Relative Pronoun টি উঠে যায়। তারপরে Auxiliary verb থাকলে উঠে যায় এবং মূল Verb এর Present form এর সাথে ing যুক্ত হয়ে তা Subject এর পরে বসে।
Complex: The boy who is walking on the road is known to me.
Simple: The boy walking on the road is known to me.
Complex: A solar pond that absorbs heat from the sun can cook our food.
Simple: A solar pond absorbing heat from the sun can cook our food.
Rule-13 Relative Pronoun f Object f করলে সে ক্ষেত্রেও একই নিয় অনুসরণ করতে হয়। তবে যে verb এর সাথে ing যোগ হয় তা Object এর পরে বসে ।
Complex: The writer took the cabin which belonged to the orphanage.
Simple: The writer took the cabin belonging to the orphanage.
Complex: I saw a beggar who was begging from door to door.
Simple: I saw a beggar begging from door to door.
Rule-14: Past Participle Relative pronoun যুক্ত Complex Sentence কে Simple করার নিয়ম : প্রদত্ত Sentence টির প্রথম থেকে Relative Pronoun এর পূর্ব পর্যন্ত বসে + Relative Pronoun টি এবং তার পরের সাহায্যকারী ক্রিয়া উঠে যায় + বাকি অংশ বসে।
These machines that are made in a local factory are working well.
These machines made in a local factory are working well.
Complex: The building that was constructed fifty years ago collapsed last week.
Simple: The building constructed fifty years ago collapsed last week.
Rule-15: Noun in Apposition : প্রদত্ত Sentence এর Relative Pronoun এবং তারপরের সাহায্যকারী verb উঠে যায়। তাছাড়া Sentence টির আর কোন পরিবর্তন হয় না।
Complex: Mr. Ahmed who is a doctor is working in the middle East.
Simple: Mr. Ahmed, a doctor, is working in the middle East.
Rule-16: Preposition/ Gerundial infinitiveএর সাহায্যে :
Sentence টির Relative Pronoun এর পূর্বের অংশ ( Principal Clause) বসে + to বসে + Relative Pronoun যুক্ত clause এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।
Complex: I have no pen that I can lend you.
Simple: I have no pen to lend you.
Complex: I have a house which I want to sell.
Simple: I have a house to sell.
Rule-17: Relative Adverb Adjective Clause যুক্ত Complex sentence-কে simple করার নিয়ম : | Sentence কে Simple করার সময় Noun অথবা Noun Phrase ব্যবহার করতে হয়।
Complex: I know the time when he will arrive.
Simple: I know the time of his arrival.
Complex: Khulna is the place where I was born.
Simple: Khulna is my birth place.
Some Examples Worked out
Complex: The writer was startled when the bill of fare was brought.
Simple: On seeing/ Seeing the bill of fare, the writer was startled.
Or, The writer was startled to see fare.
Complex: The porter went to the door on which he found some words inscribed in letters of gold.
Simple: Going to the door, the porter found some words inscribed in letters of gold.
Or, The porter found some words inscribed in letters of gold on the door.
Complex: When the cat is away, the mice will play.
Simple: In the absence of the cat, the mice will play.
Complex: You can eat as much as you can.
Simple: You can eat to your heart's content.
Complex: I was surprised when I heard him say so.
Simple: I was surprised to hear him say so.
Complex: Where there is life, there is hope.
Simple: Life and hope are inseperable.
❒❒ Transformation of Sentences-এর ওপর আপনার পছন্দের পোস্ট/আর্টিকেল পড়তে নিচের লিংকে ক্লিক করুন/প্রবেশ করুন:
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