Distinguish between the following Phrases and Sentences :
1.
I am to go : It is arranged that I shall go.
I have to go : I am under obligation to go.
2.
I was to have gone : ঠিক ছিল আমি যাব, কিন্তু যাইনি।
I had to go : যেতে বাধ্য হয়েছিলাম।
3.
On a day : I shall go home on Monday.
In a day : in 24 hours. I can do it in a day.
In the day : (দিনের বেলায়, রাত্রে নয়) I shall do in the day.
4.
If the book be there—আছে কি নাই, কিছুই জানা নাই।
If the book is there - ধরে লওয়া হচ্ছে আছে।
If the book were there - it is not there, ঠিক জানা আছে — নাই।
If the book had been there - it was not there, ঠিক জানা আছে—ছিল না।
5.
On the right : He sat on the right of Jadu-ডান দিকে
In the right : I am in the right in this matter-correct, ঠিক
6.
In demand : demanded by people, His novels are much in demand now.
On demand : চাহিবা মাত্র। I shall pay off your money on demand.
7.
On the north, in the north, to the north: On denotes border, in denotes inside, within ; to denotes outside.
Thus : The Himalayas are on the north of India. Jalpaiguri is in the north of Bengal. Tibet is to the north of India.
8.
At play : The children are at play (are playing)
In play: I said this in play (not seriously)
9.
I am at fault: I am puzzled.
I am in fault : I have done wrong and am to blame.
10.
I shall do it at no time : i.e., never.
I shall do it in no time : i.e., as soon as possible, খুব তাড়াতাড়ি।
11.
Come one at a time : each time
He comes here at times : occasionally, মাঝে মাঝে
He came on time : 'at the recognised or scheduled time, ঠিক নির্ধারিত সময়ে।'
He came in time : 'by or before the time in question, সময়ের মধ্যে, ঠিক নির্ধারিত সময়ে বা তাহার কিছু পূর্বেও হইতে পারে।'
The train seldom runs to time : in conformity with the scheduled time.
12.
We reached home in the same time: We took the same period of time (say, 6 hours) to reach home.
We reached home at the same time : i.e., at the same moment, say 11 A.M.
13.
I shall come in an hour : এক ঘন্টা পর
I shall come within an hour : এক ঘন্টার মধ্যে।
14.
He snatched the knife: he siezed it quickly or unexpectedly.
He snatched at the knife: he tried to take it by force, but could not, ছিনাইয়া নিতে চেষ্টা করিল, কিন্তু পারিল না।
15.
A picture of the queen : a likeness of her, may be in the possession of anybody (রাণীর প্রতিমূর্তি).
A picture of the queen's : One of the many pictures which the queen possesses, not necessarily her likeness (রাণীর কাছে যেসব ছবি আছে তাহাদের একটি).
16.
Go to market : i.e., to make purchases. He went to market and spent the amount in making purchases.
Go to the market : কোন বিশেষ বাজারে—কেনাবেচার জন্য না হইয়া অন্য কারণও হইতে পারে
He went to the market to enquire about the price of the thing.
17.
Go to school : for study, fast . He went to school at the age of five.
"Go to a/the school : শিক্ষার জন্য নয়, অন্য উদ্দেশ্যে। He has gone to the school to bring home his boy.
18.
Go to sea : নাবিক হওয়া। He went to sea at the age of fifteen.
Go to the sea : to go on a voyage, not necessarily as a sailor may be as a passenger. He went to the sea under medical advice (সমুদ্রযাত্রা করা).
19.
Take air: প্রকাশিত হওয়া I The news has taken air.
Take the air : বায়ু সেবন করা। I always walk in the morning to take the air.
20.
Keep house : গৃহস্থালী করা। The girl has not yet learnt how to keep house.
Keep the house : বাড়ীর মধ্যে থাকা। You are very weak, and must keep the house.
21.
He set it on fire : ইহাতে আগুন লাগাইলো।He set it on the fire: ইহাকে আগুনের উপর বসাইল।
22.
The rebels were in possession of the king : i.e., the rebels captured the king, বিদ্রোহীরা রাজাকে বন্দী করিয়াছিল।
The rebels were in the possession of the king: just the opposite of the former--meaning, it is the king who had the rebels in his keeping, বিদ্রোহীরাই রাজার হাতে বন্দী।
23.
He arrived safe : যখন পৌছিল তখন সুস্থ ও নিরাপদ ছিল, পথে কোন বিপদ হইয়াছিল কিনা সে সম্বন্ধে কিছু জানা যায় না।
He arrived safely : পথে কোন বিপদ হয় নাই।
24.
He came late : after the due time, বিলম্বে He came lately : recently, সম্প্রতি
25.
Go there direct : without going to any other place or wasting time enroute, অন্যত্র দেরী না করিয়া বা গিয়া।
Go there directly : at once, এখনই।
26.
I am busy at present : at the present time, বর্তমানে।
He will come presently : very soon
This will do for the present : for the time being, until later
27.
He ate a fruit : i.e., the whole of it,
He ate of a fruit : i.e., not the whole, but a little of it
28.
Poor as I am : though I am poor ; in spite of my poverty ; "Poor as I am, I am honest."
As I am poor : because I am poor. "As I am poor, cannot help you with money, যেহেতু আমি দরিদ্র।
29.
He is stout : i.e., fat.
He is stout and strong : i.c., has a robust physique and is strong, হৃষ্টপুষ্ট ও শক্তিমান।
30.
To lose heart : to be disheartened,
To lose one's heart to: to fall in love with.
31.
To send a man : to send him somewhere (কাহাকেও পাঠানো).
To send for a man : to send somebody to call in the man. কাহারও জন্য একজন লোক পাঠান, ডাকিয়া পাঠান।
32.
To search a man: examine his body,
To search for a man : to look for the man,
33.
He spoke on behalf of the class : as the representative of the class. প্রতিনিধিরূপে।
He spoke in behalf of his friend : in the interest (স্বার্থের জন্য) of his friend.
34.
To take heart: to gain courage, সাহস সঞ্চয় করা I
To take to heart: to be affected deeply.
35.
He worked the machine : managed it. He worked at the machine : was engaged with it.
36.
I see it : perceive it, বুঝতে পারলাম
I shall see to it : attend to, মনোযোগ দিব। দেখবো কি করা যায়।
37.
He meditates revenge : future action.
He meditates upon the revenge that he took : past action.
38.
Speak, and you die : If you speak, you shall die.
Speak, or you die : Unless you speak, you shall die.
39.
Consult him : invite his opinion.
Consult with him : exchange views with him.
40.
He sticks to nothing: does not adhere to anything,
He sticks at nothing : is reckless, (কিছুতেই পশ্চাৎপদ নয়).
41.
Are you going to the meeting? : asked by one who will not necessarily be present there.
Are you coming to the meeting?: asked by one who will himself be present there.
42.
He likes you better than I : i.e., better than I like you.
He likes you better than me: ie., better than he likes me.
43.
I dare say, : I believe (আমার ধারণা).
I dare to say: I venture to say (আমি জোর করিয়া বলিতেছি).
44.
The first two : the first and the second of the same group. "Only the first two boys of each class will get prizes."
The two first: the first only from each of two different series. "The two first boys of the first and second classes were awarded medals."
45.
Every three hours : after the lapse of three hours. "Take this medicine every three hours.
Every third hour: after the lapse of two hours, (অর্থাৎ দু'ঘন্টা পর পর).
46.
A nice boy and a girl: the girl is not said to be nice.
A nice boy and girl : both the girl and the boy are nice.
47.
She is the greatest poet : greatest among poets of either sex, স্ত্রী ও পুরুষ উভয়বিধ কবিদের মধ্যে।
She is the greatest poetess: greatest only among the poets of her own sex, শুধু স্ত্রী কবিদের মধ্যে।
48.
The Magistrate and Collector was present : the Magistrate was the same man as the Collector, (একই লোক).
The Magistrate and the Collector were present : two different persons, (দুজন লােক),
49.
The subject of discussion : the discussion is going on.
The subject for discussion : the discussion has not yet begun.
50.
The oldest son: first of the living sons, (জীবিতদের মধ্যে প্রথম)
The eldest son: first-born,
51.
Only he can sing ; He only can sing : mean the same thing, "Only he, and nobody else, can sing, Only qualifies he.
He can only sing ; He can sing only :
In the first sentence, only qualifies sing ; in the second, only qualifies the whole sentence 'He can sing. But both mean the same thing: "He can sing, but cannot do anything else worth mention," ( গান ছাড়া কিছুই পারে না).
52.
Tomorrow : on the day following this day, (আগামীকাল). I shall go tomorrow.
On the morrow : on the day following that day, (ইহার পরের দিন). He came on Sunday and left on the morrow.
53.
He will come by Friday next : latest by Friday, শুক্রবারের মধ্যে আসিবে।
He will come on Friday next : on that day
54.
I found the way easy: not at all difficult to walk upon ; or there was no difficulty on the way.
I found the way easily : the way was found out without much difficulty.
55.
I told him once again: once more
I told him once and again : several times repeatedly.
56.
By and by: before long, soon, at some future time. He picked up confidence by and by.
By the by : incidentally. By the by what are you going to do about your son?
57.
One or other : when more than two are concerned.
One or the other : when only two are concerned.
58.
A press : a machine for printing,
The press : reporters, journalists,
59.
A drunkard : A person who is habitually or often drunk. His son is a drunkard.
A drunk : A person who is drunk. I found a few drunks in the park.
60.
Take liberties : treat with undue familiarity. You must stop taking liberties with the young woman.
Take the liberty : presume or venture to do. I took the liberty of visiting your garden in your absence.
