Determiners কী? (উদাহরণসহ বিস্তারিত আলোচনা)

DETERMINERS

(a) Ali is a boy.
(b) The cow is useful to us.
(c) I need three books. 
(d) This is our college.
(e) I have a few friends. 
(f) I have little rice.

উপরের Sentence-এ boy, cow, books, college, friend ও rice- এ Noun-গুলোর পূর্বে যথাক্রমে a, the, three, our, a few ও little শব্দগুলো বসে উক্ত Noun গুলোকে modify করেছে অর্থাৎ তাদের সম্পর্কে অতিরিক্ত তথ্য সরবরাহ করেছে অথবা তাদের সংখ্যা বা পরিমাণ নির্দেশ করেছে। তাই উক্ত শব্দগুলোকে Determiner বলা হয়। 

সুতরাং দেখা যাচ্ছে যে, singular, plural countable, uncountable সব ধরনের Noun-এর পূর্বে এবং পরে কিছু শব্দ যোগ করে তাদের দোষ বা গুণ প্রকাশ করা যায় বা তাদের সম্পর্কে আরো তথ্য সরবরাহ করা যায়। যে সব শব্দ Noun-এর পরে বসে Noun-কে modify করে তাকে Post-modifiers বলা হয়। যেহেতু Determiner Noun-এর পূর্বে বসে Noun-এর সম্পর্কে অতিরিক্ত তথ্য দেয়, তাই Determiner-কে ও এক ধরনের Premodifiers হিসেবে ধরা হয়।

The words which specify a noun by making it definite, indefinite, or by indicating quantity are called determiners. 

যে সমস্ত শব্দ কোনো Noun-কে শনাক্ত করে বা তাদের সংখ্যা বা পরিমাণ নির্দেশ করে তাদেরকে Determiner বলা হয় ।

Determiners সাত ভাবে ব্যবহৃত হতে পারে:

01. Singular Countable Noun-এর পূর্বে (Before a Singular Countable Noun) : I have a pen. 

02. Plural Countable Noun-এর পূর্বে (Before a Plural Countable Noun): I have two pens.

03. Uncountable (mass) Noun-এর পূর্বে (Before Uncountable Noun): I have little rice.

04. One যখন পূৰ্বোল্লিখিত কোনো Singular Countable Noun কে বুঝায় তখন তার পূর্বে। 
যেমন- I want to take pen, take a one you like.

05. One যখন পূৰ্বোল্লিখিত কোনো Plural Countable Noun-কে বুঝায় তখন তার পূর্বে ।
যেমন - I want to take some pens. Take any one you like.

06. Pronoun হিসেবে - I have not any pen.

07. Predeterminer হিসেবে (যখন Determiner 'any of' Pattern-এ ব্যবহৃত হয়) I have not gone through any of these novels yet.

Note: Proper noun এর পূর্বে Determiner বসে না । 

বহুল ব্যবহৃত Deteminer-এর তালিকা :

(i) Articles: a, an, the.

(ii) Demonstratives: this, these, that, those.

(iii) Possessives: my, our, your their, his, her, its, Ruman's.

(iv) Some, any, one, every, neither, each, enough, much, a lot of, little, much, more, less, most, many, few, several, a great number, plenty of, a good deal of, a great deal, a great amount of, lots of, a good/great many. 

(v) Cardinal Numerals: one, two, three, four, five ইত্যাদি। 

(vi) Ordinal Numeral: first, second, third ইত্যাদি। 

(vii) General Ordinals: next, last, other, another, further.

(viii) Wh Determiners: what, which, whose, whatever.

কোন ধরনের Noun এর পূর্বে কোন ধরনের Determiner বসে তার তালিকা:

1. Singular Countable Noun-এর পূর্বে ব্যবহৃত Determiners: 

a, all, any, certain, each, either, next, every, the first, the second, the last, half, (the) least, many a, my, your, etc. the next, no, one, the only, another, the same, some, such a, that, the, this, the very, what, which, whose, zero. 

Examples:
a boy, an egg, the man, all day, any book, either pen, neither pen, each boy, every girl, the first man, the second woman, the least thing, my/his/her/pen, no man, the only man, the other student, the same book, such a man, this/ that tree, the very man, what which girl whose to, zero grown/Population/output.


2. Plural Countable Noun-এর পূর্বে ব্যবহৃত Determiners: 

all, any, both, certain, enough, few, a few, fewer, fewest, the first, the second, the last, half, a lot of, lots of, only the only, other (indefinite), the other (plural), plenty of, the same, several, some, such, the, these, those, the very, what, which, whose, zero.

উদাহরণ— all boys, any books, both girls, certain men, enough pens, few students, fewer/fewest teachers, the first/the second/the last players, half the mangoes, a lot of toys, lots of toys, many books, a good many/ a great many men, more students, most students my/his/her/your/etc. pens, the next houses, no men, a (great) number of women, the only men, other men, the other men, plenty of apples, the same men, several teachers, some girls, such men, the men, these pencils, those pencils, the very persons, what men, which men, whose toys, zero men.

• the only = We were the only people there.
• Only = Only children are sometimes spoilt. 


3. Uncountable Noun-এর পূর্বে ব্যবহৃত Determiners: 

all, a great amount of, any, a good/great deal of, enough, half, (the) least, less, (a) little, a lot of, lots of, more, most, much, my/ your/ her/his etc. no, the only, other, the other, plenty of, the other bread, plenty of rice, the same bread, some bread, such information, the bread, this tea, the very rice, what rice, which rice, whose rice, zero bread.


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