A reporting speech is the statement of the person who reports about something. We use reported speech when we are speaking or writing about something that another person said.
A reported speech is the statement what is being reported by a speaker. This statement is made by one person but reported by another person.
In direct speech we say exactly what was said or thought by others using verbs like said, thought, told shouted, etc.
Rebeka said, "I want a laptop."
(Reporting speech) (Reported speech)
The common feature of direct speech is inverted comma ("..") before and after the speech (made by other than who is reporting).
When we report what someone is saying or thinking now we use indirect speech after says, thinks, hopes etc.
Rebeka said that she wanted a laptop.
Here we often use that but that is not obligatory.
I was speaking with Ranjan. He says (that) he has just left Barishal.
We also use this form when we say about something that is always true.
e.g. He says he doesn't like band music.
or
Dipika says we can create a better world by loving each other.
......................................
