RULES OF COMBINING OF SENTENCES
✏️ USING PRESENT PARTICIPLE -
1. The boy sat on a chair. He was reading a book.
= Sitting on a chair, the boy was reading a book.
2. The boy sat on a chair. He was reading a book. It was very interesting.
= Sitting on a chair, the boy was reading a very interesting book.
3. The boy sat on a chair. He was reading a book. It was very interesting. It was informative.
= Sitting on a chair, the boy was reading a very interesting and informative book.
4. The guest stood still. He listened to the sailor's.
= Standing still, the guest listened to the sailor's.
5. The guest stood still. He listened to the sailor's. The sailor was old.
= Standing still, the guest listened to the old sailor's.
6. The guest stood still. He listened to the sailor's. The sailor was old. The sailor was grey bearded.
= Standing still, the guest listened to the old grey bearded sailor's.
7. I saw a girl. She was carrying water.
= I saw a girl carrying water.
8. I saw a girl. She was carrying water. She was poor.
= I saw a poor girl carrying water
9. I saw a girl. She was carrying water. She was poor. She was in patched cloths.
= I saw a poor girl in patched cloths carrying water
10. They saw the porter. He was lying on the floor.
= They saw the porter lying on the floor.
11. They saw the porter. He was drunken. He was lying on the floor.
= They saw the drunken porter lying on the floor.
12. They saw the porter. He was idle. He was drunken. He was lying on the floor. He was in miserable condition.
= They saw the idle drunken porter lying on the floor in miserable condition.
✏️ USING PAST PARTICIPLE -
1. These machines were made in a local factory. They are running well.
= These machines made in a local factory are running well.
2. These machines are new. They were made in a local factory. They are running well
= These new machines made in a local factory are running well.
3. The engineers were skilled. They built a windmill. The windmill was experimental
= The windmill built by the skilled engineers was experimental.
✏️ USING PERFECT PARTICIPLE -
Perfect Participle = Having + Verb- Past Participle:
1. The sun had set. We went home.
= The sun having set, we went home.
2. He had arrived at home. We left for Dhaka. We wanted to pay a visit to our National Museum.
= On his having arrived at home, we left for Dhaka to pay a visit to our National Museum.
3. The thief had seen the police. He saw the police in the evening. He ran away. He wanted to escape arrest
= Having seen the police in the evening, the thief ran away to escape arrest.
✏️ USING INFINITIVE -
Infinitive = To + Verb (base form)
1. He went to market. He bought a shirt. The shirt was very fine.
= He went to market to buy a very fine shirt.
2. I was very glad. I saw one of my old friends. I saw him in the college campus. He was taking down the routine.
= I was very glad to see one of my old friends in the college campus taking down the routine.
3. Jim had a watch. The watch was grand. He sold it. He wanted to buy a set of combs for Della.
= Jim sold his grand watch to buy a set of combs for Della.
4. I went to his residence. My aim was to help him. He has a large family. He has to maintain it.
= I went to his residence to help him in maintaing his large family.
✏️ By using appositives (Noun/Phrase in apposition)
Mr. Ahmed is the principal of our college, He is a good administrator.
= Mr. Ahmed, Principal of our college, is a good administrator.
✏️ More Examples:
1. Jerry a poor boy. He was honest. He had no greed for money.
= Jerry, a poor honest boy, had no greed for money.
2. Babor was the emperor of India He was very great He fought Ibrahim Lodi in the battle of Panipath.
= Babor great emperor of India, fought Ibrahim Lodi in the battle of Panipath
3. Hazrat Muhammad (sm) was a social reformer. He was the builder of a mighty nation, He first attempted to build up a nation He did it by reconciling the followers of rival creeds
= Hazrat Muhammad (Sm), not only a social reformer but also the builder of a mighty nation, first attempted to build up a nation by reconciling the followers of rival creeds.
4. Arabia is the cradle of Islam. It is a vast peninsula. It is in the south east of Asia.
= Arabia, cradle of Islam, is a vast peninsula in the south east of Asia
5. Bangladesh is a small country. It is very poor. It is in South Asia.
= Bangladesh, a very small poor country, is in south Asia
✏️ Using "Preposition + Noun/Gerund" structure :
1. He made a brilliant result. He heard the news. He was delighted
= On hearing the news of his brilliant result, he was delighted
2. The writer had willingness to eat asparagus. He could not eat it. He was poor
= In spite of willingness, the writer could not eat asparagus for his poverty
3. The University was closed. There was violence in the campus. One student was killed. Many were injured.
= The University was closed because of the killing of one student and injury of many in the violence in the campus.
4. The school was beset with problems. Mr. Kabir became the Headmaster. He solved the problems.
= On becoming the Headmaster, Mr. Kabir solved the problems of the school
✏️ USING ADVERB/ADVERBIAL PHRASE :
1. It was early in the morning. They started their journey. They were going to Dhaka
= Early in the morning they started their journey for Dhaka.
2. It was daylight. Jerry chopped wood. I was awakened by his sound of chopping wood.
= At daylight I was awakened by the sound of Jerry's chopping wood.
3. An examination was going on. The teachers worked hard. They completed it successfully
= The teachers worked hard to complete the examination successfully.
4. it was summer vacation. I went to my village home. I wanted to look after my parents. They are old.
= During the summer vacation I went to my village to look after my old parents.
EXERCISE ✏️
Combine the following Sentences into one Simple Sentence by using Participles.
1. The old sailor saw the watersnakes. They were small. They were beautiful. They were swimming.
2. Della stood by the window. She looked out. She looked at a cat. The cat was grey. The cat was walking along a fence.
3. Della pulled down her hair. It was rippling. It was like a cascade of brown waters. She let it fall to its full length.
4. I read penny bloods. I read them in the train. I read them in the train on my way to school. Some good people saw this.
5. They sat under a tree. It was a banyan tree. The tree was big. It was shadowy. They took rest there.
6. The old man sat on a bench. He saw some people. They were walking past him. It was a late afternoon of summer.
7. One day I was going to school. I met a boy on the way. The boy was very poor. He had an application in his hand.
8. It was twenty years ago. His father constructed a building. It was heavy. It collapsed last week. It caused much harm to its neighbour.
9. This is a grammar book. Our Principal wrote it. He wrote it in 1995. The book is meant for the degree students.
10. They held a seminar. It was held in the college auditorium. It was held on the birth anniversary of Nazrul Islam. The seminar drew the attention of the audience.
11. It was a summer holiday. We made a picnic. We made it at Salna. The picnic was a source of pleasure to all.
12. I had forgotten him. I went outside the cabin. I sat under a tree. I took rest there.
13. The boy had taken the money. He went to market. Then it was evening. He bought some sweets.
14. He had heard the news. The news was about his mother's death. Then his examination was going on. He stopped his examination. He went home to see his mother's dead body with his own eyes.
15. He had reached the spot. He saw a serious accident. He was shocked.
Combine the following Sentences into one Simple Sentence by using infinitive.
1. The ship of Death came. It took away the souls of the suffering sailors. It took their souls to the land of Death.
2. I passed the examination. My parents heard the news. They were delighted.
3. I saw the lady guest. She was unattractive. I was disappointed.
4. The old sailor told his story. He told it with a heavy heart. He wanted to teach them a moral lesson.
5. The authoress had some difficult writings. She went to the Carolina mountain. She wanted to finish the writings there.
6. We live in society. We must learn to live in peace with others. We must respect others life. We must respect their property
7. He bought a gilt. He sent it to his friend. He sent it by parcel. It was sent to him on his birthday.
8. It was afternoon. We went out. We went to the bank of a river. We walked there.
9. Jerry invented many false stories. He invented them about his imaginary mother. He wanted to get motherly love. He wanted to have it from the authoress.
Combine the following Simple Sentences into one Simple Sentence by using Preposition + Noun/Gerund.
1. He fell into danger. He was saved. His friends were alert.
2. His father was ill. He heard of it. He rushed home.
3. There are many rivers in Bangladesh. She faces scarcity of water. The scarcity is acute in summer.
4. He passed the M. B. B. S Examination. He was then 25. He joined a hospital. He began to practise there.
5. He ran fast. He got the train. The train was running towards Sylhet.
6. It was the eve of Christmas day. Jim and Della proved their love. They sacrificed their dearest possessions.
7. It was the marriage ceremony of his daughter. He entertained the guests well. He spent a lot of money.
8. He finished the work. He finished it in time. He tried heart and soul.
9. People burn wood. They melt pitch. They create more smoke.
10. He was ill. He came to the meeting. He came at the eleventh hour.
11. The ancient mariner killed the bird. It was innocent. He did not think of the consequence.
Combine the following simple Sentences into one Simple Sentence by using appositives (Noun/Phrase in apposition)
1. Mr. Ahmed is a doctor. He is very famous. He works in a hospital.
2. Shakespeare is a dramatist. He is very great. He has written many dramas.
3. Akbar was at Kalanur. It is a town. It is small. It is in the Punjab.
4. Sultan Nasiruddin Mahmud was an amiable and pious king. He led the life of a saint. He left the affairs of the state in the hands of Giasuddin Balban, He was a Turkish slave of Iltutmish.
5. Hazrat Muhammad (Sm) was a religious preacher. He was a soldier. He was a statesman. He was a great administrator. He presided over the Commonwealth of Islam for ten years.
6. Ibn Batuta was bom at Tangier in Africa. He was born in 1304. A. D. He travelled for more than 25 years of his life. He travelled almost all over the important countries of the Islamic world.
7. Dharmapala was the greatest ruler of Pala dynasty. He founded the famous monastery at Vikramsila. He founded the monanstery to teach people the principles of Buddism.
8. Franklin Roosevelt was the greatest American friend. He was the greatest champion of freedom. He brought help and comfort from the new world to the old.
9. They went to Dr. Shahidullah. He was a professor. He was very leamed.
10. Shelley was the son of a rich landowner. He was educated at Oxford. He was the greatest lyrist among the nineteenth century English romantics. He died in the prime of his life in Italy
Combine the following Simple Sentences into one simple sentence by using Adverb/Adverbial phrase.
1. The old man had only one son. He lost him. He was unfortunate.
2. I went to the Kamalapur Station. I met Rumi. It was unexpected.
3. It was twenty years ago. The writer lived in an apartment. The apartment was tiny. It overlooked a cemetry.
4. Last night there was a bus accident. He was in the bus. He was saved. He was lucky.
5. A mother loves her child. It is natural. She does not get any rotum.
6. It was dead of night. The Caliph went out. He wanted to see the condition of the subjects.
7. The boy was poor. He took the money. He was happy. He went away
8. The two friends saw each other. It was accidental. They were happy.
