An Adjective Clause contains :
(a) Relative pronouns- who, which, that, as
(b) Relative adverbs- when, where, how, why, as, whence.
Note : In an adjective clause, the Relative pronouns or the Relative adverbs must have an antecedent. The antecedent is a noun or pronoun qualifying the relative pronoun or relative adverb.
Example :
a. I have seen the boy who stood first in the examination.
Antecedent
b. I know the time when he will come.
Antecedent
We remember that sometimes the antecedent is understood without the use of relative pronoun or relative adverb as it is in the following sentences.
a. The book (which) he bought has been lost.
b. I have forgotten the story (that) he told me.
Adverbial Clause: An adverbial clause is of different kinds. They are as
follows:
1. Adverbial clause of time. It is introduced by when, while, after,
before, till, until, since etc.
Example:
(i) Wait here until I come
(ii) He came when I was there
(iii) Many days have passed since he came here.
It is introduced by where, wherever, whence etc.
Example:
(i) Stay where you are.
(ii) Go wherever you like.
3. Adverbial clause of cause or reason. lt is introduced by because, as, since,
that etc.
Example:
i. He will not go because he is ill.
ii. As he was ill, he did not attend school.
iii. Since you are ill, you should not come.
iv. I am happy that you have passed.
4. Adverbial clause of purpose. It is introduced by that, in order that, so
that, lest etc.
Example :
i. We read that we may learn.
ii. He works hard in order that he may prosper.
iii. Walk carefully lest you should fall down.
iv. We should work more so that we can earn more.
5. Adverbial clause of result : It is introduced by that, so ..... .. that, such.... that etc.
Example:
What have I done that you do not like me?
He is so tired that he cannot walk.
He is such a fool that you cannot rely on him.
6. Adverbial clause of manner: It is formed with ‘as’,
Example:
i. Do to others as you would be done by.
ii. It happened as I expected.
7. Adverbial clause of condition or supposition : It contains if, unless, in case, on condition, whether, provided (that), supposing (that) etc.
Example:
If I succeed, I shall help you.
I shall not come unless you invite me.
I may come in case I have time.
He will come provided he gets leave.
I shall try whether I fail or succeed.
8. Adverbial clause of concession : This clause contains though, although, even, if, etc.
Example
i. Though he is rich, he is not happy.
ii. Even if I fail, I shall not give up hope.
9. Adverbial Clause of Comparison or degree : This clause is introduced by so... as, such..... as, as.... as, than, etc.
Example:
i. Rafique is not as tall as his brother.
ii. He is as wise as you.
m. Rina is taller than Mina.
iv. The sooner, the better.
