Each
It is used to denote two or more persons or objects one by one.
‘Each’ is used in three positions
(a) Each of the boys is guilty.
(b) The boys have got each pen.
(c) The boys have got ten taka each.
Note:
(a) In the third example, each always sits after the numeral.
(b) If there is no antecedent before each, each is always Singular and Verb is also Singular.
E.g.- Each of the students has appeared at the examination.
(c) If the antecedent of each is plural then each is also plural.
Such as -
Inc: The students each has done his duties. Cor: The students each have done their duties.
Either
Either is used to distinguish two persons or objects from one another.
Either of the two bullocks can carry this cart.
Neither
Neither is the negative form of Either, neither is used to mean none of either.
Neither of the two boys is honest.
Note: Each, either, neither only after the Noun, they work as Adjectives.
Either pen is new.
Each mango is ripe.
Neither of the pens writes well.
Note:
(a) Emphatic Pronoun can never be Subject alone.
Inc: Myself did the work.
Cor: I myself did the work.
(b) Sometimes ownself, ownselves sit after all Person and Gender Possessive Case to express more emphasis. In this case own is called Emphatic Adjective. Because then self or selves are used as Noun.
This car is for my ownself.
(c) Emphatic Pronoun is placed immediately after another Noun if it is emphasized.
They talked to the Principal himself.
One
If one is the Subject of a Sentence as an Indefinite Personal Pronoun, then one in the Nominative and Objective Case and ones in the Possessive Case are. (not him, his etc.)
One should do one's duty.
One does not know when one will leave this world.
But,
Everyone should obey his parents.
No one should neglect his duties.
Indefinite Numeral (Numerical) Pronoun is used instead of one to avoid repetition of any previous Singular Noun. In that case the plural of one is ones.
This is an old book.
Give me the new one.
These are old books.
Give me the new ones.
Plural Noun is used after One of. In that case, if one subject, the verb is singular.
One of the boys was present.
One, body, thing, are added to any, no, every, some etc. to form the following Indefinite Pronoun.
Anyone, none, everyone, someone, anybody, nobody, everybody, somebody, anything, something, nothing etc.
None
It is an abbreviation of Not + one. However, in case of Countable Noun, both Singular and Plural Verbs can be taken as Subject and in case of Uncountable Noun, Singular Verb can be taken as Singular Subject.
None is / are happy in this world. (Countable)
Is there any salt in the pot? No, there is none. (Uncountable)
None of his books is / are new.
Any
As Indefinite Pronoun it is used in Interrogative and Negative Sentence in both Singular and Plural Number.
Have you ever seen a tiger? No I haven't seen any.
I have seen many famous poets. Have you seen any?
Some
It is always Plural and sits instead of both person and object.
Some of his books are new and some old.
Others
It does not sit in place of object or space/place but only in place of person.
Man cannot live without the help of others.
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