COMBINATION OF SENTENCES (বাক্য সংযোজন)
The act of converting multiple sentences into one sentence is called Synthesis of Sentences or Combination of Sentences.
(একাধিক Sentence-কে এক বাক্যে পরিণত করার নাম Synthesis of Sentences or Combination of Sentences বা বাক্য সংযোজন।)
Notice the following examples:
(নিচের উদাহরণগুলো লক্ষ করুন)
A. Combination of Simple Sentences into a Single Simple Sentence:
1. Using Conjunction (Conjunction ব্যবহার করে):
(a) Reba is young. Reba is strong.
— Reba is young and strong.
(b) Hena is beautiful. Rina is beautiful.
— Both Hena and Rina are beautiful.
(c) Karim is poor. Karim is honest.
— Karim is poor but honest.
(d) He will go. His father will go.
— He and his father will go.,
(e) I gave him food. I gave him shelter.
— I gave him both food and shelter.
(f) He does not read. His sister does not read.
— Neither he nor his sister reads.
2. Using Participle (Participle ব্যবহার করে):
(a) She saw me. She burst into tears.
— Seeing me she burst into tears.
(b) I saw a man. The man was standing at the gate.
— I saw man standing at the gate.
(c) He is weak. He can not walk.
— Being weak he can not walk.
(d) This is an interesting story. It is told by Aesop.
— This is an interesting story told by Aesop.
3. Using Adverb or Adverbial Phrase
(Adverb বা Adverbial Phrase ব্যবহার করে):
(a) He will come. It is sure.
— Surely he will come.
(b) He came home. It was morning.
— He came home in the morning.
(c) You are wrong. It is apparent.
— Apparently you are wrong.
(d) You should not get on a bus. It starts to move.
— You should not get on a bus when it starts to move.
4. Using Infinitive (Infinitive ব্যবহার করে):
(a) I have a car. I am to repair it.
— I have a car to repair.
(b) I went to Cox's Bazar, I wished to change air.
— I went to Cox's Bazar to change air.
(c) He has many men. He has to feed them. — He has many men to feed.
(d) I meet you. I am happy.
— I am happy to meet you.
(e) My flight has left. I am worried. Don't worry.
— He told me not to worry for the flight.
5. Using Nominative Absolute Phrase:
(a) The sun had set. We started for home.
— The sun having set, we started for home.
(b) The examination was over. Students began to leave the hall.
— The examination (being) over, students began to leave the hall.
(c) This was done. We all left the place.
— This (being) done we all left the place.
6. Using Case in apposition:
(a) Hasan is my elder brother. He is very intelligent.
— My elder brother Hasan is very intelligent.
Or, Hasan, my elder brother, is very intelligent.
(b) Dhaka is the capital of Bangladesh. It is the biggest city.
— Dhaka, the capital Bangladesh, is the biggest city.
(c) The postal service was introduced by Sher Shah. He was the greatest ruler of India.
— The postal service was introduced by Sher Shah, the greatest ruler of India.
(d) Mr N. Barua is the Headmaster of Dharmarajika High School. He is a B. Sc. B.Ed.
— Mr. N. Barua, Headmaster of Dharmarajika High School, is a B. Sc. B. Ed.
7. Using Preposition:
(a) He had gone. You came after him.
— He had gone before your arrival.
(b) He made a great wrong. I warned him.
— Inspite of my warning he made a great wrong.
(c) He got some money from me. He thanked me for this.
— On getting some money from me he thanked me.
(d) I heard of your arrival. I came to see you.
— On hearing of your arrival. I came to see you.
(e) I received your letter. I replied to it.
— In receipt of your letter, I replied.
(f) I went there. I found him absent.
— On going there, I found him absent.
(g) Eat proper food. You can be healthy.
— Without eating proper food you can not be healthy.
(h) Drink milk. You can get vitamins.
— By drinking milk you can get vitamins.
(i) We build houses. We want to live in.
— We build houses in order to live in.
8. Using Too or Enough (Too বা Enough ব্যবহার করে) :
(a) He is very weak. He can not walk.
— He is too weak to walk.
(b) The weather is very ot. We can not bear it.
— The weather is too hot to bear.
(c) This room is very big. It can accommodate all members of my family.
— This room is big enough to accomme ate all the members of my family.
(d) Our Headmaster is very kind. He grants me one day's leave.
— Our Headmaster is kind enough to grant me one day's leave.
Combination of some Simple Sentences, into a Single Complex Sentence.
B. Synthesis of Complex Sentences :
Subordinate Clause is used to convert multiple Simple Sentences into Complex Sentences.
(একাধিক Simple Sentence কে Complex Sentence-এ পরিবর্তিত করতে Subordinate Clause ব্যবহার করা হয়।)
1. Using Noun Clause:
(a) He is honest. I know it.
— I know that he is honest.
(b) He is clever. It is known to all.
— That he is clever is known to all.
(c) There was a report of his success. It is truc.
— The report that he succeeded is true.
(d) He says so. I can not depend on it.
— I can not depend on what he says.
(e) You are repentant. I will not forget it.
— I will not forget that you are repentant.
2. Using Adjective Clause:
(a) He has a pen. The pen is red.
— He has a pen which is red.
(b) The boy sings well. He is my brother.
— The boy who sings well is my brother.
(c) He is poor. Yet he is honest.
— Though he is poor, he is honest.
(d) You may go anywhere. I shall follow you.
— Wherever you go I shall follow you.
(e) He is the only boy in the village. He speaks English. He can answer the tourist's questions.
— As he is the only boy who speaks English in the village he can answer the tourist's qustions.
(f) Queen Victoria died in 1909. The Prince of Wales there after became king.
— When Queen Victoria died in 1909 the Prince of Wales became king.
C. Combination of some Simple Sentences into a Single Compound Sentence:
Converts Simple Sentence to Compound Sentence using Co-ordinate Clause:
(Simple Sentence কে Co-ordinate Clause ব্যবহার করে Compound Sentence-এ রূপান্তরিত করে):
1. Using Co-ordinating Conjunction:
(a) Walk fast. You will miss the train.
— Walk fast or you will miss the train.
(b) He is kind. You are cruel.
— He is kind but you are cruel.
(c) He is honest. He is also rich.
— He is honest and rich.
2. Using Relative pronoun or Relative Adverb in Continuative sense:
(Continuative sense-এ Relative pronoun or Relative Adverb ব্যবহার করে:)
(a) I went to the man. He helped me.
— I went to the man who (= and he) helped me.
(b) I live in Dhaka. It is the capital of Bangladesh.
— I live in Dhaka which (= and it) is the capital of Bangladesh.
(c) He has gone home. He will stay there for some days.
— He has gone home where (= and there) he will stay for some days.
EXERCISE
1. Define Synthesis of sentences with examples.
2. Combine into Simple Sentences (Simple Sentence-এ পরিণত করুন):
(i) Rabia is healthy. She is strong.
(ii) Salam will come. His brother will come.
(iii) He saw the police. He ran away.
(iv) Mr. Huq is the Headmaster of our school. He is a very good man.
(v) This is a house. This belongs to my friend.
(vi) Ezhar is weak. He is active.
(vii) I failed. It is unfortunate.
(viii) It will min To rain. is sure.
(ix) He finished his duty. He left for home.
(x) I found the boy. He was weeping bitterly. (xi) He has a cow. He wishes to sell it.
(xii) He has a large family. He must maintain it.
(xiii) He is an honest man. This is known to all.
(xiv) I was not present there. It was unfortunate.
3. Combine the following pairs of Sentences into Complex Sentences (নিচের Sentence Complex Sentence-এ রূপান্তরিত কর) :
(a) He is ill. It is known to all.
(b) Ile has come. It is a rumour.
(c) He has done it. I do not know how.
(d) It is a picture. I bought it yesterday.
(e) I had to walk. I was sick.
(f) He was truthful. He was rewarded.
(g) He is poor. You are rich.
(h) She began last. She finished in time.
(i) He started last. He finished first.
(j) I got the train. It was late.
EXERCISE FOR PRACTICE
Combine the following sentences into a single sentence:
I was ill. He heard of it. He at once went to the doctor. He did not await instructions from me.
Ans. Hearing of my illness, he at once went to the doctor without awaiting instructions from me.
01. My brother completed his studies. He was 22 years old at the time. He then began to practise. He joined the High court.
02. The boy was healthy. He was also strong. So it was not difficult for him to lift the load. It was only fifteen kilograms.
03. A meeting was held it. I am sorry at this in the town Hall, it discussed matters about college discipline. You were absent from
04. A fire broke out in bazar. It broke out on Sunday last. It broke out at about midnight. It destroyed some seventy sheds. All the belongings of the sheds were destroyed.
05. Alexander the Great invaded India. He was king of Macedon. The invasion took place about 327 years before Christ. He conquered all the countries between Greece and India. This he did on the way.
06. The life of Scott was noble. He was the father of English historical romance. His life was brought to a close. It was due to strain. This strain was severe. It was put upon his health.
07. The sun set. I then went out. My friend accompanied me. We walked on the bank of the river. It flows below the town.
08. The children came to the garden that afternoon. They found the Giant dead. He was lying under the tree. He was all covered with blossoms. They were white.
09. I heard a loud noise. It was like the bursting of a bomb. It came from a house close by. This was followed immediately by cries from many voices. All this happened a few minutes after my arrival.
10. A meeting was held on Saturday last. It was held in the College Common Room. Our Principal presided on the occasion. It mourned the death of Ramanikanta Basu. He was one of the best boys of the College.
11. I was an old man. This was on my way to school. He was poor. He was also bent down with age. He was standing at the door of a house. It was near your friend's house. The man asked for alms.
12. Byron had certainly some of the qualifications of a great poet. He had an unusual command of language. He was a keen observer of nature. He had an accurate knowledge of men and manners.
13. He was a short-built lad. He was apparently fifteen or sixteen years of age. He was dark in complexion. But he was very handsome in features. He had beautiful white teeth and large dark eyes.
14. The King spent the following year in Normandy. He desired to strengthen his position there. He desired to secure the succession of his son. The son was then eighteen years old.
15. The Prince won a great victory. The King heard this. He was very glad. He came out of the capital. His object was to greet the returning hero. He was accompanied by the courtiers.
16. Ram was present. Shyam was present. Mati was absent.
17. The teacher was not there. The servants were not there. The now nothing.
18. You may refuse. I shall certainly try to win. My honour depends on it.
19. I could not carry out his orders. I did not inform him of my inability in time. So he was displeased with me.
20. He is a rich man. He did not earn his wealth. He does not appreciate the value of money. He spends it recklessly.
21. I was not present at the time. I have heard about the matter. This is a serious affair. I consider it my duty to report it to you.
22. He went to Darjeeling. His brother also went there. I often met them at the mall. We walked together.
23. I am very much worried. Ram has not come. Jatin has not come. All my things are with them.
24. He stood first in the examination. He had been ill before. This was certainly a great credit for him. it deserves all praise.
25. I went to your father. He received me kindly. He promised to help me. He also kept the promise.
26. He has a very bad health. He lives very carefully. It is inexplicable to the doctor. He told me this.
27. We would have entered the dark cave. We would have thoroughly explored its inner parts. We had no torches. We were forced to give up the attempt.
28. The King was asleep. The villains saw this. They made signs to one another. They rose up at once. They drew their swords. Their purpose was to kill him.
29. A wrestler had come from Bombay. Another had come from Madras. There was a contest. It was held the other day. The former defeated the latter.
30. My brother is ill. You saw him the other day. So I cannot attend the meeting. You have called it.
31. The man is very brave. You saw him. He once faced a tiger. He had only a stick in his hand.
32. It was noon. The boys were flying kites. We started for Berubari. We intended to attend a meeting there. Mr. Anwar Hossain was to preside over the meeting.
33. She had been followed by a Prince. The prince was disguised as a beggar. This had happened during her journey through a forest. She told me all about this.
34. You had given him a loan. You demanded payment of it. But he had no money then. So he came to me for help. He had no other means of saving his honour. was informed of this.
35. A farmer went out for some work. On his return he found the cradle turned upside down. He had left his only child in the cradle. The clothes were all torn and bloody.
36. The boy had accomplishments. The father fully described a large number of these to the teacher. He wished to get him admitted to the school.
37. I was very sickly. I also suffered from malarial fever very often. So my parents were always anxious about me. I was then a mere boy.
38. We opposed his proposal. He has been greatly shocked at this. So he is thinking of resigning from the club. He founded it himself.
39. I was wanted in the club. There was an important discussion there. My sister informed me of this. You had already left my house. This was on Sunday last.
40. Ram's Cousin is in Delhi now. He will return soon. His father is ill. I am told this.
41. The earth moves round the sun. The sun does not move round the earth. It seems to move round the earth. Men of science have clearly proved these points.
42. I visited the garden. In it were some beautiful rose-trees. The trees were full of bloom. These were red and white in colour.
43. I heard a loud noise. I came out. I saw a crowd of young boys. They had gathered round a middle-aged man. The man had done something. The crowd was threatening him for this.
44. There had been a railway accident near Patna, it had resulted in loss of many lives. I heard this in the train. I was then returning from Banaras. I had gone there to see my brother.
45. I got a scholarship. I had applied for it. He heard this. He was very glad. He at once came to our house. He offered me his blessings.
