Right forms of verbs এর নিয়ম ও ব্যবহার।
Important rules of right forms of verbs are described below:
1. Present Indefinite Tense এর subject যদি third person singular number হয় তাহলে verb এর শেষে s, es যোগ হবে। কিন্তু অন্য কোন tense এর ক্ষেত্রে হবে না।
- He eats rice.
- He plays football.
Present Indefinite Tense এর subject যদি plural number হয় তাহলে verb এর শেষে s/es যোগ হবে না।
- They play football.
- They eat rice.
2. Present Indefinite Tense এর subject, third person singular number হলেও সেটি যদি negative sentence হয় তাহলে does not ব্যবহৃত হবে। তখন verb এর শেষে s/es যোগ হবেনা।
- He does not go to school.
- Ashish does not eat rice.
3. Past tense or future tense হলে verb এর শেষে s/es যোগ হবে না। তখন সেই tense এর structure অনুযায়ী verb বসবে।
- He went to school.
- He will go to school.
4. Modal Auxiliary verb (যেমন: can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, ought to, need, dare, have to, must etc.) এর পরে verb এর present form বসে এবং verb এর সাথে কোন কিছু যোগ হয় না।
- He can do the work.
- I shall go to the school.
- You must come home.
- He should study hard.
5. বাক্যটি যদি universal truth (চিরন্তন সত্য) হয়, habitual fact (অভ্যাসগত কাজ) বোঝায় তাহলে present indefinite tense হবে।
- The sun rises in the east.
- Ice floats on water.
6. Sentence টি passive voice হলে এবং modal auxiliary verb (can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, ought to, need, dare, have to, must etc.) এর পরে be + past participle form of verb বসে।
- It can be done by you.
- All the fruits could be taken.
7. Had, rather, let, would better, had better, need not, do not, does not, did not, did never, ইত্যাদি এর পর present form of verb বসে।
- I let them use my shoes.
- I had better go to the market by this time.
- I need not do the work.
8. বাক্যে have/has থাকলে সেটি present perfect tense হবে।
- He has done the work.
- They have eaten rice.
9. Sentence এ yet, just, just now, recently, already, lately, ever ইত্যাদি থাকলে present perfect tense হবে।
- He has taken his lunch just now.
- They have already come home.
- I have met him recently.
10. Sentence এ yesterday, ago, long ago, last year, last week, last month, that day, day before, ইত্যাদি থাকলে past indefinite tense হবে।
- He came home
- I went to Cox's Bazar last month.
- A long time ago, there lived a poor farmer.
11. To এর পরে সবসময় verb এর present form বসে।
- You need to do the work in time.
- He went to the market to buy a shirt.
12. Since বা for এর পর সময়ের উল্লেখ থাকলে সেটি present perfect continuous tense হবে।
- He has been doing the work since the morning.
- It has been raining for two hours.
13. If দ্বারা যুক্ত clause টি যদি present indefinite tense হয় তাহলে পরের clause টি future indefinite tense হবে।
- If he comes, I’ll go.
- If you work hard, you’ll shine in life.
14. With a view to/look forward to এর পর verb এর সাথে ing যোগ হবে।
- I’m looking forward to getting a job.
- I went shopping with a view to buying a shirt.
15. By এর পর verb এর সাথে ing যোগ হবে।
- She expressed her feelings by crying.
- By digging the land, she planted trees.
16. For, of, in, without, with, before, after ইত্যাদি preposition এর পরে verb এর সাথে ing যোগ হয়।
- I’ve never been tired of going there.
- She can’t go without waiting for me.
17. Mind, would you mind, past, worth, could not help, cannot help এর পরে verb এর সাথে ing যোগ হয়।
- Would you mind giving me the book?
- He cannot help doing the assignment.
18. Sentence এর শুরুতে যদি would that থাকে তাহলে subject এর পর could বসে এবং এরপর verb এর present form বসে।
- Would that I could be a writer like Humayun Ahmed.
- Would that I could buy a Toyota car.
19. To be/having/got থাকলে verb এর past participle form হয়।
- The assignment is to be completed immediately.
- The thief ran away having seen the police.
- I got the certificates sent by the Headmaster.
20. ব্র্যাকেটে (be) থাকলে person, number এবং tense অনুযায়ী am/is/are/was/were/been হবে।
- It (be) two years ago.
- It was two years ago.
- Allah (be) everywhere.
- Allah is everywhere.
- One of my friends (be) an honest person.
- One of my friends is/was an honest person.
21. বর্তমান কালে চলছে এমন কোন কাজ বোঝালে present continuous tense হয়। (এসব ক্ষেত্রে সাধারণত at present/now/at the moment ইত্যাদি adverb ব্যবহৃত হয়।)
- He is watching the Television at this moment.
- They are playing football.
- Now, they are doing their assignment.
22. If + Present Indefinite + Future Indefinite (if যুক্ত clause টি present indefinite tense হলে পরের clause টি হবে future indefinite)
- If you come, I’ll go.
- If you drink milk, you will be healthy.
23. যদি had/if যুক্ত clause টি past indefinite tense হয় তাহলে পরের clause টি তে subject এর পর would/could/might বসে এবং verb এর present form হয়।
- If he came, I would go to the market.
- If I were rich enough, I would help the poor.
যদি had/if যুক্ত clause টি past perfect tense হয় তাহলে পরের clause টি তে subject এর পর would have/could have/might have বসে এবং verb এর past participle form হয়।
- If he had come, I would have gone to the market.
- If you had walked fast, you could have reached the station.
24. Wish/fancy/it is time/it is high time ইত্যাদি থাকলে verb এর past tense হবে।
- I wish I won the first prize.
- It is high time you changed your bad habits.
- I fancy I flew in the sky.
25. As if/as though থাকলে were বসে।
- He speaks as if he were the leader.
- He acts as though he were a hero.
26. Each, every, everyone, any, anyone, many a, everybody, everything, anybody, nobody, no one, nothing, anything, someone, something, one of, either, neither ইত্যাদি থাকলে verb এর singular number ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- Each of the students was present.
- Every father dedicates his life to his children.
- One of the students was very talented.
- Neither of the two brothers was present in the class.
27. While এর পর verb থাকলে সেটির সাথে ing যোগ হয়। কিন্তু while এর পর subject থাকলে এর অংশটি past continuous tense হয়।
- While walking through the zoo, I saw a
- While it was raining, I was watching a movie.
28. অনেক সময় একই স্থান, দৈর্ঘ্য বা পরিমাপ বোঝালে subject দেখতে plural মনে হলেও verb টি singular form হয়।
- Twenty miles was a long way.
- Two hundred miles is not a long distance in this modern era.
29. Main clause এর verb টি past tense হলে ও পরের অংশে next day, next week, next month, next year ইত্যাদি উল্লেখ থাকলে subject এর পরে should/would বসে।
- He told that he would go home the next week.
- She said that she would buy land next year.
30. After এর পরের এবং before এর আগের clause টি past perfect tense হবে এবং অন্য clause টি past indefinite tense হবে।
- The train had left the station before we reached.
- The doctor came after the patient had died.
31. Passive voice এর সময় tense ও person অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb ও verb এর past participle form বসে।
- English is spoken all over the world.
- We are taught English by
32. ব্যতিক্রমগুলো ছাড়া Principle clause এর verb যদি past tense হয় তাহলে subordinate clause এর verb ও past tense হবে এবং একটি present tense হলে অন্যটিও present tense হবে।
- He was so ill that he would not go to the school.
- They understood that he would not come.
