Conditional Sentences or If Clauses

Conditional sentence কি? এটির প্রকারভেদ।

একটি Conditional sentence-এ দু’টি clause থাকে: নির্ভরশীল clause-টি শর্ত বোঝায় এবং প্রধান clause-টি প্রেক্ষাপট বোঝায়। এদেরকে ‘if clauses’-ও বলা হয়।

Conditional sentence contains two clauses: the dependent clause expresses the condition, and the main clause expresses the consequences. They are also known as ‘if clauses’.

There are four types of Conditionals:

  • The Zero Conditionals
  • The First Conditionals
  • The Second Conditionals and
  • The Third Conditionals

The Zero Conditionals:

একটি zero conditional sentence দুটি present simple verbs/tenses নিয়ে গঠিত হয় (একটি ‘if clause’ এবং অপরটি “মূল clause’) ।

Zero Conditional Sentence সাধারণ সত্য এবং অভ্যাস বোঝাতে ব্যবহৃত হয়। এটা তখনও ব্যবহৃত হয় যখন ফলাফলটি সবসময়ই হবে।

A zero conditional sentence can be made with two present simple verbs/tenses (one is the ‘if clause’ and another one is the ‘main clause’). It is used to express general truths and habits. This conditional is also used when the result will always happen.

Structure:

If + present simple . . . . .  + present simple.

Examples:

  • If it rains, water rises in the pond.
  • If you heat water, it boils.
  • If you push the button, it lights up.

The First Conditional:

First Conditional এ সাধারণত ‘if’-এর পরে একটি present simple tense এবং তারপর একটি future simple clause থাকে। এই রকম conditional সাধারণত ভবিষ্যতে হতে পারে এমনকিছু বোঝাতে ব্যবহৃত হয় কিন্তু পুরোপুরি নিশ্চিত নয়। এটা সম্ভাব্য ঘটনা বর্ণনা করে।

A first conditional sentence contains a present simple tense after ‘if’, and then a future simple clause. It is used to express things that may happen in the future, but you don’t know what will happen. It describes possible things.

Structure:

if + present simple, ........will + infinitive

Example:

  • If it rains today, I’ll not go to the market.
  • If I’ve enough money, I’ll help the poor.
  • If you don’t leave soon, you’ll miss the train.

The Second Conditional:

After ‘if’ it uses the simple past tense, and then ‘would’ and the infinitive.

Second Conditional এ ‘if’-এর পর past simple tense ব্যবহার করা হয় এবং তারপর ‘would’ এবং infinitive ব্যবহার করা হয়।

Structure:

if + past simple, ........would + infinitive

আনুষ্ঠানিক লেখায় I/he/she-এর সাথে ‘was’-এর পরিবর্তে ‘were’ ব্যবহার করতে হবে। Second Conditional এর দুটি ব্যবহার আছে:

(In formal writing, you must use ‘were’ instead of ‘was’ with I/he/she. It has two uses)

1. This structure can be used to talk about things in the future that are probably not going to be true. It is as like an imagination.

Second Conditional সাধারণত ভবিষ্যতের কোন ঘটনা বোঝাতে ব্যবহৃত হয় যা সত্য হবার কোন সম্ভাবনা নেই। “হতে পারতো কিন্তু আসলে হয়নি” অর্থ প্রদান করে এই conditional গুলো।

 Example:

  • If I won the lottery, I would help the poor.
  • If I met the prime minister, I would hug her.
  • If he worked hard, he would shine in life.

2. This structure also can be used to talk about something in the present that is impossible as it is not true.

Second Conditional এর structure বর্তমানের কোন ঘটনা যা অসম্ভব বা সত্য নয় তা বোঝাতেও ব্যবহৃত হতে পারে। যেমন:

Example:

  • If I had his address, I would go to meet him.
  • If I were You, I would never go out with him.
  • If I had a plane, I would travel the whole world.

The Third Conditional:

Third Conditional এ ‘if’-এর পর past perfect tense এবং তারপর ‘would have’ এবং sentence-এর দ্বিতীয় অংশে past participle ব্যবহার করে।

After ‘if’ it uses the past perfect tense, and then ‘would have’ and the past participle in the second part of the sentence.

Structure:

if + past perfect, ........would + have + past participle

It talks about the past and describes a situation that didn’t happen, and imagine the result of the situation.

Third Conditional সাধারণত অতীত সম্পর্কে কথা বলে এবং এমন একটি ঘটনা বর্ণনা করে যা ঘটেনি এবং ঘটনাটির ফলাফল কল্পনা করে।

Example:

  • If I had been in your position, I would not have gone there.
  • If you had driven fast, you wouldn’t have missed the meeting.
  • If he had left the place, he would have bought the palace.


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