Compound to Complex:
A compound sentence is characterized by at least two independent clauses which can be used as separate sentences and are connected with coordinating conjunctions.
একটি compound sentence এ কমপক্ষে দুটি independent clause থাকে যারা পৃথক sentence হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হতে পারে এবং coordinating conjunction দিয়ে যুক্ত থাকে ।
Such as, Listening to music and singing songs are my hobbies.
On the other hand, a complex sentence is characterized by one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.
পক্ষান্তরে Complex sentence এ একটি independent clause এবং কমপক্ষে একটি dependent clause থাকে।
Such as, I will wait here until you come.
The rules for transforming compound sentence to complex sentence are discussed below.
Compound sentence কে complex sentence এ রূপান্তরিত করার নিয়ম নীচে বর্ণিত হলো ।
Rule 1:
If the compound sentence uses the conjunction “but”/”yet” to connect the different clauses, the complex sentence will use “though”/”Although” in the beginning and “but”/”yet” will be removed.
Compound sentence “but”/”yet” conjunction দিয়ে পৃথক clause গুলোকে যুক্ত করলে, Complex sentence এর শুরুতে “though”/”Although” বসে “but”/”yet” উঠে যাবে ।
Compound: He is poor, but he is happy.
Complex: Though he is poor, he is happy.
Compound: She is ill, yet she worked very hard.
Complex: Although she is ill, she worked very hard.
Compound: The class was lengthy, but it was enjoyable.
Complex: Though the class was lengthy, the class was enjoyable.
Rule 2:
If the compound sentence uses the conjunction “or”/”otherwise” to connect different clauses and future tense is used in the second clause, the complex sentence uses “lest” in the middle and “should” after the person.
যদি Compound sentence এ conjunction “or”/”otherwise” ব্যবহার করে পৃথক clause গুলোকে যুক্ত করা হয় এবং দ্বিতীয় clause এ future tense হয়, তবে complex sentence এর মাঝে “lest” হবে এবং person এর পরে “should” বসবে ।
Compound: Study hard, or you will fail.
Complex: Study hard lest you should fail.
Compound: Practice hard otherwise you will be out of the cricket team.
Complex: Practice hard lest you should be out of the cricket team.
Rule 3:
If the compound sentence uses the conjunction “and” to join the different clauses, the complex sentence will use “As soon as” in the beginning removing the “and” from the middle.
যদি compound sentence “and” conjunction দিয়ে পৃথক clause গুলোকে যুক্ত করে, তবে complex sentence এর শুরুতে “As soon as” বসে মাঝ থেকে “and” উঠে যাবে ।
Compound: The rain stopped, and we started the journey.
Complex: As soon as the rain stopped, we started the journey.
Compound: The crowd saw the hero and started shouting.
Complex: As soon as the crowd saw the hero, they started shouting.
Rule 4:
If the compound sentence uses “and”/ ”so” /”hence” /”therefore” to connect the different clauses, the complex sentence uses “since”/”as”/”when” in the beginning removing “and”/ ”so”/ ”hence”/ ”therefore” from the middle.
যদি compound sentence “and”/ ”so”/ ”hence”/ ”therefore” দিয়ে পৃথক clause গুলোকে যুক্ত করে, তবে complex sentence এর শুরুতে “since”/ ”as”/ ”when” বসে “and”/ ”so”/ ”hence”/ ”therefore” উঠে যাবে ।
Compound: The weather was bad, and the match did not take place.
Complex: Since the weather was bad, the match did not take place.
Compound: She was ill, so she did not come.
Complex: As she was ill, she did not come.
Compound: The sun has set to the west, and therefore it is evening.
Complex: When it is evening, the sun has set to the west.
Rule 5:
If the compound sentence uses “and” to connect two different clauses about the same person, the complex sentence will use relative pronoun “who” in place of “and” removing the pronoun after it.
যদি compound sentence এ “and” ব্যবহৃত হয় একই ব্যক্তি সম্পর্কে দুটো ভিন্ন clause যুক্ত করতে, তবে complex sentence “and” এর স্থানে relative pronoun “who” ব্যবহার করে এর পরের pronoun উঠিয়ে দেবে ।
Compound: I saw a girl, and she was singing.
Complex: I saw a girl who was singing.
Compound: I have a friend, and she is a writer.
Complex: I have a friend who is a writer.
Rule 6:
If the compound sentence follows this structure, “Let+ object form of pronoun+ affirmative form of subordinate clause+ or/otherwise+ main clause”, the complex sentence starts with “if” having first or third person after it and it bears a negative meaning.
যদি compound sentence এই structure follow করে , “Let+ pronoun এর object form + subordinate clause এর affirmative form + or/otherwise + main clause”, তবে complex sentence এর শুরুতে “if” ও এর পরে first or third person ব্যবহার করে negative অর্থ প্রকাশ করে ।
Compound: let me go there or/otherwise I will be unable to learn it.
Complex: If I do not go there I will be unable to learn it.
Compound: Let me study hard or/otherwise I will be unable to get good marks.
Complex: if I do not study hard I will be unable to get good marks.
Rule 7:
If the compound sentence follows this structure, “Let+ object form of pronoun+ “and” between two clauses+ main clause”, the complex sentence starts with “if” having first or third person after it and it is in affirmative form.
Compound sentence যদি এই structure follow করে , “Let+ pronoun এর object form + দুই clauses এর মাঝে “and” + main clause”, তবে complex sentence এর শুরুতে “if” ও এর পরে first or third person ব্যবহার করে affirmative form এ থাকে ।
Compound: Let me study hard, and I will be able to get good marks.
Complex: If I study hard, I will be able to get good marks.
Compound: Let me go there, and I will be able to learn it.
Compound: Let me go there, and I will be able to learn it.
Rule 8:
If the compound sentence uses an affirmative form of verb+ or/otherwise + main clause, the complex sentence starts with “if” having the second person after it and expressing a negative meaning.
Compound sentence যদি এই structure follow করে , verb এর affirmative form + or/otherwise + main clause, complex sentence এর শুরুতে “if” ও এর পরে second person ব্যবহার করে negative অর্থ প্রকাশ করে ।
Compound: Study hard, or you will fail.
Complex: If you do not study hard, you will fail.
Compound: Practice more, or you cannot become a good singer.
Complex: If you do not practice more, you cannot become a good singer.
Rule 9:
If the compound sentence uses an affirmative form of verb+ and + main clause, the complex sentence starts with “if” having second person after it and it's in affirmative form.
Compound sentence যদি এই structure follow করে , verb এর affirmative form + and + main clause, Complex sentence এর শুরুতে “if” ও এর পরে second person ব্যবহার করে affirmative form এ থাকে ।
Compound: Study hard, and you will get good marks.
Complex: If you study hard, you will get good marks.
Compound: Read more, and your writing capability will increase.
Complex: If you read more, your writing capability will increase.
Rule 10:
If the compound sentence has this form, “very….and so/hence/therefore+ main clause”, the If the complex sentence will use “so…that” form.
যদি compound sentence “very….and so/hence/therefore+ main clause” এই from এ থাকে, তবে complex sentence “so…that” form ব্যবহার করবে ।
Compound: I am very tired, and so/hence/therefore I cannot work.
Complex: I am so tired that I cannot work.
Compound: The place is very crowded, and so/hence/therefore I cannot find a place to stand.
Complex: The place is so crowded that I cannot find a place to stand.
Rule 11:
If the compound sentence uses ”or” between two clauses stating an advice, the complex sentence starts with “Unless” following second person(you).
যদি compound sentence দুই clause এর মাঝে ”or” ব্যবহার করে উপদেশ দেয়া বোঝায়, তবে Complex sentence এর শুরুতে “Unless” ও এর পরে second person (you) থাকে ।
Compound: Say prayers, or you cannot advise anyone to say prayers.
Complex: Unless you say prayers, you cannot advise anyone to say prayers.
Compound: Practice hard, or you cannot become a good singer.
Complex: Unless you practice hard, you cannot become a good singer.
