◼️ Present Perfect Tense
(have/has + past participle form)
a) Recently completed action:
I have had my breakfast.
Mary has bought an umbrella.
Kalam has just won a prize.
In these situations, the verb is used with just, already, recently, lately, not yet.
Not yet — later than expected
I have not yet done my homework.
He has just gone out.
Already — earlier than expected
Would you like a cup of tea?
No, thanks, I have already had my tea.
I have recently/lately seen an interesting film.
b) Events of the past which have become part of experiences:
Hamid has seen the Taj Mahal.
I have been to England.
But if there is past time in the sentence —
Hamid saw the Taj Mahal five years ago.
I went to England in 1900.
c) A situation that began in the past and that continues up to the present:
Hakim has been a teacher since 1980.
The winter has been mild this year.
I have known him for five years.
But —
❎ Incorrect: Mary has bought an umbrella yesterday.
❎ Incorrect: Hamid has seen the Taj Mahal last year.
đ Learn Present Continuous Tense
đˇ Example of Present Perfect Tense in the following paragraph:
I have taken a course in English. I have also read many grammar books. But my English has not improved. A friend has just advised me to buy this book, for it has used an effective method of teaching and learning English.