◼️ Present Perfect Tense
(have/has + past participle form)
a) Recently completed action :
I have had my breakfast.
Mary has bought an unbrella.
Kalam has just won a prize.
In these situations, verb is used with just, already, recently, lately, not yet .
Not yet means later than expected :
I have not yet done my homework.
He has just gone out.
Already means earlier than expected:
Would you like a cup of tea?
No, thanks, I have already had my tea.
I have recently/lately seen an interesting film.
b) Events of the past which have become part of experiences :
Hamid has seen the Taj Mahal.
I have been to England.
But if there is past time in the sentence -
Hamid saw the Taj Mahal five years ago.
I went to England in 1900.
c) A situation that began in the past and that continues up to the present :
Hakim has been a teacher since 1980.
The winter has been mild this year.
I have known him for five years.
But -
❎ Incorrect: Mary has bought an umbrella yesterday.
❎ Incorrect: Hamid has seen the Taj Mahal last year.
🔷 Examples of Present Perfect Tense in the following paragraph :
I have taken a course in English. I have also read many grammar books. But my English has not improved. A friend has just
advised me to buy this book, for it has used an effective method of teaching and learning English.
