‘So’ can be used in two ways:
1. To show result:
E.g. It was raining, so we decided not to go to the beach.
Note: 'because' shows the reason. The above sentence could be expressed like this:
E.g. We decided not to go to the beach because it was raining.
Note: To show a reason link between sentences use 'Therefore'.
2. So and such used for emphasis:
When used for emphasis, ‘so’ must be followed by either an adjective or an adverb and must be linked to an explanation clause.
E.g. It was so hot that we decided not to go to the beach.
or, We decided not to go to the beach because it was so hot.
Note: ‘such’ is used in the same way, but must be followed by a noun or adjective+noun.
E.g. It was such a hot day that we decided not to go to the beach.
OR, We decided not to go to the beach because it was such a hot day.
Note: When there is no explanation clause, use 'very', unless referring to a present situation.
E.g. It was very hot yesterday, wasn't it? It's so nice to see you again!
Enough and too
Enough goes after adjectives and adverbs but before nouns.
Example: You won't pass the exam if you don't work hard enough.
Or, He didn't get the job because he didn't have enough experience.
Enough can also be used alone.
E.g. I'll lend you some money if you haven't got enough.
‘too' means ‘more than necessary‘ and comes before adjectives and adverbs only.
E.g. The coffee was too hot to drink.
But and However
'but' is used to contrast clauses within a sentence.
Example: I like going to the beach, but I never go at midday.
‘However,’ has the same function, but is used to show contrast between sentences.
E.g. I've always enjoyed going to the beach. However, I never go there at midday.
Although, though, even though and In spite of / despite
'Although‘ must join two clauses, but it's position can change. It can either start a sentence or come in the middle.
E.g. Although it rained a lot, we enjoyed the holiday.
Or, We enjoyed the holiday although it rained a lot.
In spoken English ‘though’ can be used instead of ‘although’ when it is used for
the second clause.
E,g, "I didn't get the job though I had all the necessary qualifications."
‘though’ can also come at the end of a sentence.
Example: "The house isn't very nice. I like the garden though."
‘Even though‘ is a shorter form of ‘although‘.
Example:
Even though I was really tired, I couldn't sleep.
‘In Spite of or 'Despite' must be followed by a noun, pronoun, ( this, that, what etc.) or -ing.
Example:
Example:
In spite of the rain, we went to the beach.
We went to the beach in spite of the rain.
It is common to use the expression 'In spite of the fact (that)....' or 'despite the fact (that)...'
We went to the beach in spite of the rain.
It is common to use the expression 'In spite of the fact (that)....' or 'despite the fact (that)...'
Example: She is quite fit in spite of the fact that she smokes 40 cigarettes a day.
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