Changing Voice, Part 03

Changing Voice: Active to Passive

Cognate object: 

Sometimes an intransitive verb takes a noun of same kind for its object and this object is called Cognate object.

☑️ Changing voice of cognate object will be in the following manners:

Active- He ran a race.
Passive- A race was run by him.

Active- He fought a good fight.
Passive- A good fight was fought by him.

Active- He lived a pure life.
Passlve- A pure life was lived by him.

🔷 Imperative Sentence and Sentence starting with Let:

Normally object is placed immediately after Let and then be but in the negative sentences, not is used.

Structure: Let + object + be + past participle form of verb. 

(affirmative sentence)

but in the negative sentence , Let + not + obect ......

Active- Do not shut the door.
Passive- Let not the door be shut.

Active- Do it.
Passive- Let  it be done (by you)

Active- Post the letter.
Passive- Let the letter be posted (by you) .

Actlve- Send for the man.
Passive- Let the man be sent for (by you).

Active- Tell him to go. .
Passive- Let him be told to go (by you).

Active- Let him read the book.
Passive- Let the book be read by him.

◼️Changing of voice of complex sentence:

Active- We understand that he did the work.
Passive- lt is understood by us that the work was done by him.

Active- Everybody says that they know it.
Passive- It is said that it is known to them .

Active- We must endure what we cannot cure.
Passive- What cannot be cured must be endured.


Quasi-passive is of two kinds- 

1. with complement 

2. without complement.

◼️ Quasi-passive with complement

Active - Honey tastes sweet.
Passive- Honey is sweet when it is tasted.

Active- The book read well.
Passive- The book is well when it is read.

Active- The pen writes well.
Passive- The pen is well when it is written.

Active- These books read well.
Passive- These books are well when they are read.

Active- The rose smells sweet.
Passive- The rose is sweet when it is smelt.

Active- Rice sells cheap.
Passive- Rice is cheap when it is sold.

Verbs without a Complement:

Active- The house is building.
Passive- The house is being built.

Active- The book is printing.
Passive- The book is being printed.

Active- The cows are milking.
Passive- The cows are being milked.


Sometimes by is not used before the object in the passive voice rather at, to, with etc. are used in stead of by.

Active- l know him.
Passive- He is known to me. ( not by me)

Active- His conduct surprised me.
Passive- l was surprised at his conduct.

Active- Dilu has pleased Laila .
Passive- Laila has been pleased with Dilu.

Active- He dispensed with my services.
Passive- My services were dispensed with  him.

Changing voice in case of Reflexive Object:

Active- He killed himself .
Passive- He was killed by himself.

Active- He hurt himself.
Passive- He was hurt by himself.

If in any active voice there are it is, it was etc. and infinitive to is used after it , infinitive verb should be made passive and should is used after the changed subject.

Active- It is time to take decision.
Passive- lt is time that decision should be taken.

Active- It is time to do matheatics.
Passive- It is time that mathemaatics should be done.

Modals

The rule will be - subject + can/could/may/might etc. + be + past participle form of verb + ........

Active- I can see you.
Passive- You can be seen by me.

Active- We can feel the sorrow of the poor.
Passive- The sorrow of the poor can be felt by us.

✍️ Factitive Object

(Factitive verbs include elect, appoint, make, assign, name, select, judge etc.)

Active - We made him captain.
Passive- He was made captain by us. (not captain was made him by us)

Active- People elected him an MP.
Passive- He was elected an MP by people.