USE OF ARTICLES
☑️ Rules 6 - Rule 8
Rule 6: When speaking about definite or particular things, we use the article 'the'.
That is the sun.
That is the sun.
The sun is unique.
That is the moon.
That is the moon.
There is only one moon.
That is the fastest airplane.
That is the fastest airplane.
There is only one fastest airplane.
The sky is blue.
The sky is blue.
There is only one sky.
She is the doctor to go.
She is the doctor to go.
She is a particular doctor.
He works in the main office.
There is only one group of stars.
The rings on your fingers are of gold and silver.
(a particular group of rings)
The students in my class are lazy.
(a particular group of students)
He works in the main office.
There is only one group of stars.
The rings on your fingers are of gold and silver.
(a particular group of rings)
The students in my class are lazy.
(a particular group of students)
The books on the table are his.
( a particular group of books)
Rule 7: At first we use "a" and "an", then when something is identified, we use "the":
What is that?
It is a horse.
What kind of horse is it?
It is a race horse.
Which race horse is it?
It is the race horse that loses all races.
Is it a slow race horse?
It is the slowest race horse in the world.
What is that?
It is a building.
What building is it?
It is the Police Department.
Is that the hospital?
No, it is an apartment building.
Is it the apartment building where Tony lives?
No, it is the apartment building where Karen lives.
Rule 8: To define nouns, we use "the", "a", "an", or another determiner:
Some other determiners:
my, your, his, her, its, our, John's, Mary's. their, this, that, these, any, some, most, both, all, many, much, no, other, enough, several, one, two, seven, few, which, what
When we use other determiners, we do not use "the", "a", "an":
Is that your car?
Both books are mine.
Many people eat in this restaurant.
I have no money.
These cards are marked!
Do you play any instruments?
Few dogs are vegetarian.
There is some dirt on the table.
Rule 9: All nouns have determiners, except Proper nouns:
Proper nouns are particular names for things. Proper nouns don't need
determiners because they are already unique. Proper nouns always begin
with capital letters.
Proper nouns are:
Names and titles:
Mary Smith, Joao Gilberto,
Mitsuhiro Tanaka,
Uncle Carlos,
Uncle Carlos,
Ms. Chiang,
Doctor Livingston,
President Washington,
King Arthur.
Names of groups:
Names of groups:
Yale University,
Sony corporation,
Volksvagen,
Greenpeace.
Countries, specific geographical locations: Japan, Seoul, Mount Everest,
Europe, Asia, Buenos Aires, Main Street.
Nationalities, languages, regions, philosophies: American, Korean, Japanese, Buddhism, Christianity, Materialism, Pacifism.
Time periods: 7:00, Friday, September, New Year's Day, 1963.
Rule 10: We use "the" to define which one of a group:
There are many presidents, which president is he?
He is the President of France. President Miterrand.
Greenpeace.
Countries, specific geographical locations: Japan, Seoul, Mount Everest,
Europe, Asia, Buenos Aires, Main Street.
Nationalities, languages, regions, philosophies: American, Korean, Japanese, Buddhism, Christianity, Materialism, Pacifism.
Time periods: 7:00, Friday, September, New Year's Day, 1963.
Rule 10: We use "the" to define which one of a group:
There are many presidents, which president is he?
He is the President of France. President Miterrand.
Which united states?
The United States of America.
Which university do you study at?
I study at the University of California.
Which river is very big?
The Amazon river is very big.
Which ocean is Japan in?
It is in the Pacific.
What day is your birthday?
My birthday is the 15th (day) of September.
Rule 11: When speaking about things in general, we use plural nouns. We do
not use 'the' , 'a' or 'an':
Computers are made of plastic and electronics.
Trucks transport merchandise.
Birds fly; dogs don‘t.
English people speak English; French people speak French.
Americans are all rich.
Sharks are dangerous.
What are little boys made of?
Snips and snails and puppy-dog tails.
That's what little boys are made of.
What are little girls made of?
Sugar and Spice and everything nice.
That's what little girls are made of.
Contrasting articles:
There is a boy on a bicycle.
I know the boy with black hair.
Boys are young men.
I have a television.
The television in my house is broken.
Televisions are very common today.
This is a key.
This is the key to my car.
Keys are for opening locks.
