সবার কথা মাথায় রেখে এটাকে প্রথমে মূলত দুইটি পার্টে আলোচনা করা হয়েছে।
(উল্লেখ্য যে,
◻️ Affirmative to Negative:
Rule 1:
** Present Form=Don't ?
** Past Form=Didn't ?
** Verb+s/es=Doesn't ?
** Auxiluary Verb= Auxiluary Verb+n't?
** Every/Some/All/Body=Who ?
Rule 1:
Aff: He is not a good person.
Int: Is he a good person?
Rule 2:
Ass: They did not play football yesterday.
Int: Did they play football yesterday?
Rule 3:
Ass: There is no man happier than Jamil.
Int: Who is Happier than jamil?
Rule 8:
Ex: What a beautiful scenery!
Ass: It is a very beautiful scenery.
Ex: What a pity!
Ass: It is a great pity.
Rule 2:
Exc: What a fool you are!
Ass: You are a great fool.
Rule 3:
Ex: Were I a bird!
Ass: I wish I were a bird.
Ex: If I were young again!
Ass: I wish I were young again.
Ex: would that I could be a child!
Ass: I wish I could be a child.
◻️ Imperative to Assertive Sentence:
Simple---Compound---Complex
Rule 1:
Simple=Verb+ing
Compund=and
Complex=when/as/since
Example:
Simple: Working hard, the boy made a good result.
Compund: The boy worked hard and he made a good result.
Complex: Since the boy worked hard, he made a good result.
Rule 2:
Simple=In spite of possessive+v+ing
Compund=But
Complex=Though/Although
Example:
Simple: In spite of his trying hard and soul he could not succeed in life.
Compund: He tried hard and soul but he could not succeed in life.
Complex: Though he tried hard and soul, he could not succeed in life.
Rule 3:
Rule-1.
And যুক্ত Compound Sentence-এর একটি Clause যদি অপরটির কারন বা সময় নির্দেশ করে, তবে উক্ত Compound Sentence টিকে Complex করার নিয়মঃ
Structure: Since/as/when + 1st sentence + and পরিবর্তে (,) + 2nd sentence.
Compound: He came to me and I felt tired.
Complex: When he came to me, I felt tired.
Rule-2.
But যুক্ত Compound Sentence কে Complex করার নিয়মঃ
Structure: Although/though + 1st sentence + but এর পরিবর্তে (,) + বাকি sentence.
Compound: The boy tried hard but could not win the match.
Complex: Though the boy tried hard hard, he could not win the match.
Rule-3.
Or যুক্ত Compound Sentence কে Complex করার নিয়মঃ
Structure: If + Sub + do not + 1st Clause + or এর পরিবর্তে (,) + sub + will + or এর পরবর্তী অংশ।
Compound: Do or die.
Complex: If you do not do, you will die.
Rule-4.
And দ্বারা যুক্ত cause and effect নির্দেশক compound sentence কে so…. that দ্বারা complex sentence করা হয়।
Compound: Farhan works very hard and he can shine in life.
Complex: Farhan works so hard that he can shine in life.
Rule-5.
And দ্বারা যুক্ত উদ্দেশমুলক compound sentence কে so that দ্বারা complex sentence করা হয় ।
Compound: We take balance diet and we can keep good health.
Complex: We take balance diet so that we can keep good health.
◻️ Simple to Compound:
Rule-1.
Present Participle যুক্ত Simple sentence কে compound করার ক্ষেত্রে -
Structure: 1st sub + main verb + কমার পূর্ব পর্যন্ত + (,) এর স্থলে and + sub এর পরের অংশ।
Simple: Finishing the work, we went to the playground.
Compound: We finished the work and went to the playground.
Rule-2.
Being যুক্ত simple sentence কে compound করার ক্ষেত্রে
Structure: Sub + Beingএর বাকি অংশ যে tense এর থাকে সেই tense ও person অনুযায়ী to be verb বসে + being এর পরের অংশ + কমা উঠে and + sub বাদে এর পরের অংশ।
Simple: Being father, he can not neglect his son.
Compound: He is father and can not neglect his son.
Rule-3.
Having যুক্ত বা perfect participle যুক্ত simple sentence কে compound sentence এ পরিবর্তন করার নিয়মঃ
Structure: Sub + Tense অনুযায়ী verb ‘to have’ + কমার পূর্ব পর্যন্ত + and + sub এর পরের অংশ ।
Simple: Having written the letter, I posted it.
Compound: I had written the letter and it.
Rule-4.
In spite of/Despite যুক্ত simple sentence কে but দ্বারা compound করতে হয়।
Simple: In spite of his dishonesty, he was rewarded.
Compound: He was dishonest but rewarded.
Rule-5.
Without + Gerund যুক্ত Simple Sentence যদি শর্ত বুঝাই, তবে ‘or’ যুক্ত করে compound করতে হয়।
Structure: Without উঠে গিয়ে ing যুক্ত verb এর present form বসবে + কমা এর স্থলে or + কমা এর পরের অংশ।
Simple: Without going, you will die.
Compound: Go or you will die.
Rule-6.
By Gerund যুক্ত simple sentence কে and যোগ করে compound করতে হয়।
Structure: By উঠে গিয়ে ing যুক্ত verb এর present form বসবে + কমার পূর্ব পর্যন্ত + কমা স্থলে and + কমার পরের অংশ।
Simple: By wasting your time, you can spoil your life.
Compound: Waste your time and you can spoil your life.
Rule-7.
Too….to যুক্ত Simple Sentence Compound করার নিয়মঃ
Structure: Sub + ‘to be’ verb + too এর পরিবর্তে very + Adjective + and + can not/could not + to বাদে পরের অংশ।
Simple: He is too dull to understand it.
Compound: He is very dull and can not understand it.
◻️ Complex to Compound:
Rule-1.
Since, as, when ইত্যাদি conjunction যুক্ত Complex sentence কে Compound sentence এ পরিবর্তন করার সময় since/as/when তুলে দিতে হয় এবং এর পর complex sentence কমা তুলে দিয়া সেখানে and বসালেই compound sentence হয়ে যায়।
Complex: When i went there, I found him.
Compound: I went there and found him.
Rule-2.
Though/although যুক্ত Complex sentence কে Compound sentence পরিবর্তন করতে হলে though/ although তুলে দিতে হয় এবং এর পরে কমা তুলে দিয়ে সেখানে but বসাতে হয়।
Complex: Although it rained heavily, he went out without an umbrella.
Compound: It rained heavily but he went out without an umbrella.
Rule-3.
Complex sentence যদি If দ্বারা শুরু হয় এবং if যুক্ত Clause এ যদি not থাকে, তবে compound sentence এ পরিবর্তন করতে হলে if থেকে not পর্যন্ত অংশ তুলে দিতে হবে এবং এর পর কমা তুলে দিয়া সেই স্থানে ‘or’ বসালেই compound sentence হবে।
Complex: If you do not read, you will fail.
Compound: Read or you will fail.
◻️ Complex to Simple Sentence:
Rule-1.
Since/when/as যুক্ত complex sentence এর দুটি Clause এর subject এর হলে এবং দুটি Clause এ principal verb থাকলে নিচের নিয়ম করতে হবে।
Structure: Since/when/as এর প্রথম subject তুলে দিয়ে main verb ing form করতে হবে + কমা সহ বাকি অংশ।
Complex: When i went there, I found him absent.
Simple: Going there, I found him absent.
Rule-2.
Since/as যুক্ত complex sentence যদি কারন বুঝাই, তাহলে Because of, Due to, Owing to, On account of ইত্যাদি দিয়ে করতে হয়।
Structure: Because of/ Due to/ Owing to/ On account of + verb + ing অথবা fog/rough weather/cold + Extension.
Complex: Since there was fog, he could not go out.
Simple: Due to fog, he could not go out.
Rule-3.
If যুক্ত শর্তমূলক Negative complex sentence কে simple sentence করার নিয়মঃ
Structure: If থেকে not পর্যন্ত তুলে দিয়ে without বসাতে হবে + verb + ing + কমা সহ বাকি অংশ ।
Complex: If you do not come, you will not get the pen.
Simple: Without coming, you will not get the pen.
Rule-4.
If যুক্ত Negative Complex Sentence এর দুটি Clause এর subject ভিন্ন হলে নিম্নরুপ হবে।
Structure: If এর স্থলে without + subject এর possessive form বসে + Auxiliary verb ও not উঠে যায় + main verb + ing + Extension.
Complex: If he does not stay at office, I shall not meet him.
Simple: Without his staying at office, I shall not meet him.
Rule-5.
‘So that’ যুক্ত Complex sentence কে simple করার নিয়মঃ
Structure: So that থেকে principal verb এর পূর্ব পর্যন্ত উঠে গিয়ে সে স্থলে to বসে + বাকি অংশ বসে।
Complex: People work hard so that they may shine in life.
Simple: People work hard to shine in life.
Rule-6.
Rule-1.
And দ্বারা যুক্ত compound sentence-এর and এর উভয় অংশের subject যদি এক হয়, তবে একে simple sentence এ পরিবর্তনের নিয়মঃ
Compound: He finished the work and return home.
Simple: Finishing the work, he returned home.
Rule-2.
And যুক্ত compound sentence এর উভয় অংশের subject যদি একই হয় এবং প্রথম অংশের sentence টি যদি কারন নির্দেশ করে, সেক্ষেত্রে নিচের নিয়মে simple করতে হবে।
Structure: Because of/ Due to/ Owing to/ on account of + 1st sentence এর subject এর possessive form + main verb + ing/ being/having + but এর পূর্ব পর্যন্ত + কমা + sub + verb + extension.
Compound: I was ill and I could not attend the meeting.
Simple: Because of my being ill, I could not attend the meeting.
Rule-3.
But যুক্ত compound sentence এ যদি but এর পরে subject ও verb না থাকে তবে, simple sentence পরিবর্তন করতে হলে নিচের নিয়মঃ
Structure: In spite of / Despite + Subject এর possessive form + main verb + ing + being/having + but এর পূর্ব পর্যন্ত + কমা + subject + verb + extension.
Compound: He is poor but honest.
Simple: In spite of his being, he is poor.
Rule-4.
‘Or’ যুক্ত compound sentence কে simple sentence এ পরিবর্তন করার নিয়মঃ
Structure: Without + 1st main verb + ing + verb এর পরের অংশ + কমা + বাকি অংশ।
Compound: Move or will die.
Simple: Without moving, you will die.
Rule-5.
Not only …. but also যুক্ত compound sentence কে simple করার নিয়মঃ
Structure: Besides + not only যুক্ত ব্যকের মূল verb এর সাথে ing + not only উঠে যাবে + but also এর পূর্ব পর্যন্ত + (,) + মূল subject + but also অংশে verb না থাকলে প্রথম অংশের verb + but এর পরের অংশ।
Compound: Our teachers not only teach us but also guide us.
Simple: Besides teaching us, our teacher guide us.
Rule-6.
And দ্বারা যুক্ত সময় নির্দেশক Compound sentence -কে In, On, At ইত্যাদি time word দ্বারা simple sentence করা হয়।
Compound: It was raining and Siam came to me.
Simple: At the time of raining Siam came to me.
Rule-7.
‘And দ্বারা যুক্ত উদ্দেশ্যমুলক compound sentence কে Infinitive দ্বারা simple sentence করা হয়।
Compound: He reads attentively and she can do good result.
Simple: He reads attentively to do good result.
1. Sentence অর্থ অনুসারে ৫ প্রকার ।
2. Sentence গঠন অনুসারে ৩ প্রকার ।
3. Voice Change ২ প্রকার ।
4. Degree ৩ প্রকার ।)
1. Sentence অর্থ অনুসারে ৫ প্রকার:
2. Sentence গঠন অনুসারে ৩ প্রকার ।
3. Voice Change ২ প্রকার ।
4. Degree ৩ প্রকার ।)
1. Sentence অর্থ অনুসারে ৫ প্রকার:
▶️Assertive
▶️Interrogative
▶️Imperative
▶️Optative
▶️Exclamatory
এখন এই ৫ প্রকার বাক্যের মধ্যে Rules of Transformation নিয়ে আলোচনা করা হল:
◻️ Affirmative to Negative:
Rule 1:
Only/ alone/ merely → স্থানে→ None but(ব্যক্তি)/ nothing but(বস্তু)/ not more than or not less than(সংখা)
Example:
Example:
Aff: Only Allah can help us.
Neg: None but Allah can help us.
Aff: He has only a ball.
Neg: He has nothing but a ball.
Aff: He has only ten taka.
Neg: He has not more than ten taka.
Rule 2:
Neg: None but Allah can help us.
Aff: He has only a ball.
Neg: He has nothing but a ball.
Aff: He has only ten taka.
Neg: He has not more than ten taka.
Rule 2:
Must/Have to /Has to → স্থানে → Cannot but+মূল verb/ Cannot help+ (v+ing).
Example:
Example:
Aff: We must obey our parents.
Neg: we cannot but obey our parents/ we cannot help obeying our parents.
Rule 3:
Neg: we cannot but obey our parents/ we cannot help obeying our parents.
Rule 3:
Both----and → স্থানে → not only ---- but also.
Example:
Example:
Aff: Both Dolon and Dola were excited.
Neg: Not only dolon but also Dola were excited
Rule 4:
Neg: Not only dolon but also Dola were excited
Rule 4:
and (যদি দুটি শব্দ যোগ করে) →স্থানে → Not only ----- but also.
Example:
Example:
Aff: He was obedient and gentle. Neg: He was not only obedient but also gentle.
Rule 5:
Rule 5:
Everyone/ everybody/every person/ (every + common noun)/all → স্থানে → There is no + attached word + but.
Example:
Example:
Aff: Every mother loves her child.
Neg: There is no mother but loves her child.
Rule 6:
Neg: There is no mother but loves her child.
Rule 6:
As soon as → স্থানে → No sooner had ---Than.
Example:
Example:
Aff: As soon as the thief saw the police, he ran away.
Neg: No sooner had the thief seen the police than he ran away.
Rule 7:
Neg: No sooner had the thief seen the police than he ran away.
Rule 7:
The Superlative degree → স্থানে → No other+ attached word+verb+so/as+ positive form+ as+subject.
Example:
Example:
Affirmative: Dhaka is the biggest city in Bangladesh.
Neg: No other city is as big as Dhaka in Bangladesh.
Rule 8:
Neg: No other city is as big as Dhaka in Bangladesh.
Rule 8:
প্রতিশব্দ বিপরীত শব্দ হবে। By Not.
Example:
Example:
Aff: I shall remember you.
Neg: I shall not forget you.
Rule 9:
Neg: I shall not forget you.
Rule 9:
Always → স্থানে → Never প্রতিশব্দ বিপরীত শব্দ হবে।
Example:
Example:
Aff: Raven always attends the class. Neg: Raven never misses the class.
Rule 10:
Rule 10:
Too ---- to → স্থানে → so ---that+Present হলে can not/ Pastহলেcould not.
Example:
Example:
Aff: He is too weak to walk.
Neg: He is so weak that he cannot walk.
Rule 11:
Neg: He is so weak that he cannot walk.
Rule 11:
As – as → স্থানে → Not less – than.
Example:
Example:
Aff: Simi was as wise as Rimi.
Neg: Simi was not less wise than Rimi.
Rule 12:
Neg: Simi was not less wise than Rimi.
Rule 12:
Universal truth are change by making them negative interrogative.
Example:
Example:
Aff: The Sun sets in the west.
Neg: Doesn’t the Sun set in the west.
Rule 13:
Neg: Doesn’t the Sun set in the west.
Rule 13:
Sometimes স্থানে → Not + always.
Example:
Example:
Aff: Raven sometimes visits me. Neg: Raven doesn’t always visit me.
Rule 14:
Rule 14:
Many → স্থানে → Not a few.
Example:
Example:
Aff: I have many friends.
Neg: I donot have few friends.
Rule 15:
Neg: I donot have few friends.
Rule 15:
A few → স্থানে → not many.
Example:
Example:
Aff: Bangladesh has a few scholars. Neg: Bangladesh doesn’t have many scholars.
Rule 16:
Rule 16:
Much → স্থানে → A little.
Example:
Example:
Aff: He belongs much money.
Neg: He doesn’t belong a little money.
Rule 17:
Neg: He doesn’t belong a little money.
Rule 17:
A little → স্থানে → not much.
Example:
Example:
Aff: Dolon has a little riches.
Neg: Dolon doesn’t have much riches.
◻️ Assertive to Interrogative:
Neg: Dolon doesn’t have much riches.
◻️ Assertive to Interrogative:
** Present Form=Don't ?
** Past Form=Didn't ?
** Verb+s/es=Doesn't ?
** Auxiluary Verb= Auxiluary Verb+n't?
** Every/Some/All/Body=Who ?
Rule 1:
যদি sentence টি affirmative হয় তাহলে negative interrogative করতে হবে.আর যদি negative হয় affermative interrogative করতে হবে।
Ass: He was very gentle.
Int: was n’t he very gentle?
Int: was n’t he very gentle?
Aff: He is not a good person.
Int: Is he a good person?
Rule 2:
যদি auxiliary verb না থাকে →
Present form হলে Do/ Don’t
Past form হলে Did/Didn’t.
Verb+s,es হলে Does/Doesn’t
Present form হলে Do/ Don’t
Past form হলে Did/Didn’t.
Verb+s,es হলে Does/Doesn’t
Ass: He plays Football.
Int: Doesn't he play football?
Int: Doesn't he play football?
Ass: They did not play football yesterday.
Int: Did they play football yesterday?
Rule 3:
Never → স্থানে → Ever.
Ass: I never drink tea.
Int: Do I ever drink tea?
Rule 4:
Ass: I never drink tea.
Int: Do I ever drink tea?
Rule 4:
Every body/everyone/ All → স্থানে → Who + Don’t/ Doesn’t/ Didn’t
Ass: Everybody wishes to be happy.
Int : Who doesn’t wish to be happy?
Rule 5:
Int : Who doesn’t wish to be happy?
Rule 5:
Every + noun → স্থানে → Is there any + noun+ Who don’t/doesn’t/
didn’t.
didn’t.
Ass: Every man wishes to be happy.
Int: Is there any man who doesn’t wish to be happy?
Rule 6:
Int: Is there any man who doesn’t wish to be happy?
Rule 6:
No body/ no one / None → স্থানে → Who.
Ass: Nobody could count my love for you.
Int: Who could ever count my love for you?
Rule 7 :
Int: Who could ever count my love for you?
Rule 7 :
There is no → স্থানে → Is there any/ Who(person)/ What( thing).
Ass: There is no use of this law.
Int: What is the use of this law?
Int: What is the use of this law?
Ass: There is no man happier than Jamil.
Int: Who is Happier than jamil?
Rule 8:
It Is no → স্থানে → Is there any/Why.
Ass: It is no use of taking unfair means in the exam.
Int: Why take unfair means in the exam? Or,
Is there any use of this law?
Rule 9:
Int: Why take unfair means in the exam? Or,
Is there any use of this law?
Rule 9:
It Doesn’t matter → স্থানে → what though/ Does it matter.
Ass: It does not matter if you fail in te exam.
Int: What though if you fail in the exam?
◻️ Exclamatory Sentence to Assertive Sentence:
Rule 1:
Ass: It does not matter if you fail in te exam.
Int: What though if you fail in the exam?
◻️ Exclamatory Sentence to Assertive Sentence:
Rule 1:
What a/an → স্থানে → a very(before adjective)/ a great(before noun)
Ex: What a beautiful scenery!
Ass: It is a very beautiful scenery.
Ex: What a pity!
Ass: It is a great pity.
Rule 2:
How → স্থানে → Very(before adjective)/ Great(before noun)
Ex: How fortunate you are!
Ass: You are very fortunate.
Ex: How fortunate you are!
Ass: You are very fortunate.
Exc: What a fool you are!
Ass: You are a great fool.
Rule 3:
Hurrah/ Bravo → স্থানে → I/we rejoice that/ It is a matter of joy that.
Ex: Hurrah! We have own the game.
Ass: It is a matter of joy that we have won the game.
Rule 4:
Ex: Hurrah! We have own the game.
Ass: It is a matter of joy that we have won the game.
Rule 4:
Alas → স্থানে → I/we Mourn that/ It is a matter of sorrow or grief that.
Ex: Alas! He has failed.
Ass: We mourn that he has failed.
Rule 5:
Ex: Alas! He has failed.
Ass: We mourn that he has failed.
Rule 5:
Had/were/If /Would that(at the out set) → স্থানে → I wish + subject again + were/ had+ rest part.
Ex: Had I the wings of a bird!
Ass: I wish I had the wings of a bird.
Ex: Had I the wings of a bird!
Ass: I wish I had the wings of a bird.
Ex: Were I a bird!
Ass: I wish I were a bird.
Ex: If I were young again!
Ass: I wish I were young again.
Ex: would that I could be a child!
Ass: I wish I could be a child.
◻️ Imperative to Assertive Sentence:
Rule 1: Subject + should+verb.
Imperative: Do the work.
Ass: you should do the work.
Rule 2:
Ass: you should do the work.
Rule 2:
Please/kindly → স্থানে→ you are requested to+verb.
Imp: Please, help me.
Ass: You are requested to help me.
Rule 3:
Imp: Please, help me.
Ass: You are requested to help me.
Rule 3:
Do not → স্থানে → You should not.
Imp: Do not run in the sun.
Ass: you should not run in the sun.
Rule 4:
Imp: Do not run in the sun.
Ass: you should not run in the sun.
Rule 4:
Never → স্থানে → you should never.
Imp: Never tell a lie.
Ass: You should never tell a lie.
Rule 5:
Imp: Never tell a lie.
Ass: You should never tell a lie.
Rule 5:
Let us → স্থানে → We should.
Imp: Let us go out for a walk.
Ass: We should go out for a walk.
Rule 6:
Imp: Let us go out for a walk.
Ass: We should go out for a walk.
Rule 6:
Let + noun/pronoun → স্থানে → Subject + might.
Imp: Let him play football.
Ass: He might play football.
⚫ Sentence গঠন অনুসারে ৩ প্রকার।
Imp: Let him play football.
Ass: He might play football.
⚫ Sentence গঠন অনুসারে ৩ প্রকার।
Simple---Compound---Complex
এখন Simple, Compound এবং Complex Sentences এর মধ্যে Rules of Transformation নিয়ে আলোচনা করা হবে!!
Rule 1:
Simple=Verb+ing
Compund=and
Complex=when/as/since
Example:
Simple: Working hard, the boy made a good result.
Compund: The boy worked hard and he made a good result.
Complex: Since the boy worked hard, he made a good result.
Rule 2:
Simple=In spite of possessive+v+ing
Compund=But
Complex=Though/Although
Example:
Simple: In spite of his trying hard and soul he could not succeed in life.
Compund: He tried hard and soul but he could not succeed in life.
Complex: Though he tried hard and soul, he could not succeed in life.
Rule 3:
Simple=By+ing
Compund=Imperative sentence+and
Complex=If Clause positive
Example:
Simple: By working hard, you will success in life.
Compund:Work hard and you will success in life.
Complex: If you work hard, you will success in life.
Rule 4:
Simple=Without+ing
Compund=Imperative sentence+or
Complex=If Clause negative
Example:
Simple: Without working hard, you will not success in life.
Compund:Work hard or you will not success in life.
Complex:Unless you work hard, you will not success in life.
Rule 5:
Simple=Principal clause +Too-to+verb
Compund=very/much...and
Complex=So...That
Example:
Simple: The boy is too foolish to understand it.
Compund:The boy is very foolish that he cannot understand it.
Complex: The boy is so foolish that he cannot understand it.
Rule 6:
Simple=Principal clause +to+verb
Compund=and
Complex=So that/In order that
Example:
Simple: He works hard to prosper in life.
Compund:He works hard and he may prosper in life.
Complex: He works hard so that he may prosper in life.
Rule 7:
Simple=Principal clause +adjective+Noun
Compund=and
Complex=Relative Pronoun(Who,Whi
ch,That)
Example:
Simple: I know the poor man
Compund:I know the man and he is poor
Complex: I know the man who is poor.
◻️ Compound to Complex Sentence:
Compund=Imperative sentence+and
Complex=If Clause positive
Example:
Simple: By working hard, you will success in life.
Compund:Work hard and you will success in life.
Complex: If you work hard, you will success in life.
Rule 4:
Simple=Without+ing
Compund=Imperative sentence+or
Complex=If Clause negative
Example:
Simple: Without working hard, you will not success in life.
Compund:Work hard or you will not success in life.
Complex:Unless you work hard, you will not success in life.
Rule 5:
Simple=Principal clause +Too-to+verb
Compund=very/much...and
Complex=So...That
Example:
Simple: The boy is too foolish to understand it.
Compund:The boy is very foolish that he cannot understand it.
Complex: The boy is so foolish that he cannot understand it.
Rule 6:
Simple=Principal clause +to+verb
Compund=and
Complex=So that/In order that
Example:
Simple: He works hard to prosper in life.
Compund:He works hard and he may prosper in life.
Complex: He works hard so that he may prosper in life.
Rule 7:
Simple=Principal clause +adjective+Noun
Compund=and
Complex=Relative Pronoun(Who,Whi
ch,That)
Example:
Simple: I know the poor man
Compund:I know the man and he is poor
Complex: I know the man who is poor.
◻️ Compound to Complex Sentence:
Rule-1.
And যুক্ত Compound Sentence-এর একটি Clause যদি অপরটির কারন বা সময় নির্দেশ করে, তবে উক্ত Compound Sentence টিকে Complex করার নিয়মঃ
Structure: Since/as/when + 1st sentence + and পরিবর্তে (,) + 2nd sentence.
Compound: He came to me and I felt tired.
Complex: When he came to me, I felt tired.
Rule-2.
But যুক্ত Compound Sentence কে Complex করার নিয়মঃ
Structure: Although/though + 1st sentence + but এর পরিবর্তে (,) + বাকি sentence.
Compound: The boy tried hard but could not win the match.
Complex: Though the boy tried hard hard, he could not win the match.
Rule-3.
Or যুক্ত Compound Sentence কে Complex করার নিয়মঃ
Structure: If + Sub + do not + 1st Clause + or এর পরিবর্তে (,) + sub + will + or এর পরবর্তী অংশ।
Compound: Do or die.
Complex: If you do not do, you will die.
Rule-4.
And দ্বারা যুক্ত cause and effect নির্দেশক compound sentence কে so…. that দ্বারা complex sentence করা হয়।
Compound: Farhan works very hard and he can shine in life.
Complex: Farhan works so hard that he can shine in life.
Rule-5.
And দ্বারা যুক্ত উদ্দেশমুলক compound sentence কে so that দ্বারা complex sentence করা হয় ।
Compound: We take balance diet and we can keep good health.
Complex: We take balance diet so that we can keep good health.
◻️ Simple to Compound:
Rule-1.
Present Participle যুক্ত Simple sentence কে compound করার ক্ষেত্রে -
Structure: 1st sub + main verb + কমার পূর্ব পর্যন্ত + (,) এর স্থলে and + sub এর পরের অংশ।
Simple: Finishing the work, we went to the playground.
Compound: We finished the work and went to the playground.
Rule-2.
Being যুক্ত simple sentence কে compound করার ক্ষেত্রে
Structure: Sub + Beingএর বাকি অংশ যে tense এর থাকে সেই tense ও person অনুযায়ী to be verb বসে + being এর পরের অংশ + কমা উঠে and + sub বাদে এর পরের অংশ।
Simple: Being father, he can not neglect his son.
Compound: He is father and can not neglect his son.
Rule-3.
Having যুক্ত বা perfect participle যুক্ত simple sentence কে compound sentence এ পরিবর্তন করার নিয়মঃ
Structure: Sub + Tense অনুযায়ী verb ‘to have’ + কমার পূর্ব পর্যন্ত + and + sub এর পরের অংশ ।
Simple: Having written the letter, I posted it.
Compound: I had written the letter and it.
Rule-4.
In spite of/Despite যুক্ত simple sentence কে but দ্বারা compound করতে হয়।
Simple: In spite of his dishonesty, he was rewarded.
Compound: He was dishonest but rewarded.
Rule-5.
Without + Gerund যুক্ত Simple Sentence যদি শর্ত বুঝাই, তবে ‘or’ যুক্ত করে compound করতে হয়।
Structure: Without উঠে গিয়ে ing যুক্ত verb এর present form বসবে + কমা এর স্থলে or + কমা এর পরের অংশ।
Simple: Without going, you will die.
Compound: Go or you will die.
Rule-6.
By Gerund যুক্ত simple sentence কে and যোগ করে compound করতে হয়।
Structure: By উঠে গিয়ে ing যুক্ত verb এর present form বসবে + কমার পূর্ব পর্যন্ত + কমা স্থলে and + কমার পরের অংশ।
Simple: By wasting your time, you can spoil your life.
Compound: Waste your time and you can spoil your life.
Rule-7.
Too….to যুক্ত Simple Sentence Compound করার নিয়মঃ
Structure: Sub + ‘to be’ verb + too এর পরিবর্তে very + Adjective + and + can not/could not + to বাদে পরের অংশ।
Simple: He is too dull to understand it.
Compound: He is very dull and can not understand it.
◻️ Complex to Compound:
Rule-1.
Since, as, when ইত্যাদি conjunction যুক্ত Complex sentence কে Compound sentence এ পরিবর্তন করার সময় since/as/when তুলে দিতে হয় এবং এর পর complex sentence কমা তুলে দিয়া সেখানে and বসালেই compound sentence হয়ে যায়।
Complex: When i went there, I found him.
Compound: I went there and found him.
Rule-2.
Though/although যুক্ত Complex sentence কে Compound sentence পরিবর্তন করতে হলে though/ although তুলে দিতে হয় এবং এর পরে কমা তুলে দিয়ে সেখানে but বসাতে হয়।
Complex: Although it rained heavily, he went out without an umbrella.
Compound: It rained heavily but he went out without an umbrella.
Rule-3.
Complex sentence যদি If দ্বারা শুরু হয় এবং if যুক্ত Clause এ যদি not থাকে, তবে compound sentence এ পরিবর্তন করতে হলে if থেকে not পর্যন্ত অংশ তুলে দিতে হবে এবং এর পর কমা তুলে দিয়া সেই স্থানে ‘or’ বসালেই compound sentence হবে।
Complex: If you do not read, you will fail.
Compound: Read or you will fail.
◻️ Complex to Simple Sentence:
Rule-1.
Since/when/as যুক্ত complex sentence এর দুটি Clause এর subject এর হলে এবং দুটি Clause এ principal verb থাকলে নিচের নিয়ম করতে হবে।
Structure: Since/when/as এর প্রথম subject তুলে দিয়ে main verb ing form করতে হবে + কমা সহ বাকি অংশ।
Complex: When i went there, I found him absent.
Simple: Going there, I found him absent.
Rule-2.
Since/as যুক্ত complex sentence যদি কারন বুঝাই, তাহলে Because of, Due to, Owing to, On account of ইত্যাদি দিয়ে করতে হয়।
Structure: Because of/ Due to/ Owing to/ On account of + verb + ing অথবা fog/rough weather/cold + Extension.
Complex: Since there was fog, he could not go out.
Simple: Due to fog, he could not go out.
Rule-3.
If যুক্ত শর্তমূলক Negative complex sentence কে simple sentence করার নিয়মঃ
Structure: If থেকে not পর্যন্ত তুলে দিয়ে without বসাতে হবে + verb + ing + কমা সহ বাকি অংশ ।
Complex: If you do not come, you will not get the pen.
Simple: Without coming, you will not get the pen.
Rule-4.
If যুক্ত Negative Complex Sentence এর দুটি Clause এর subject ভিন্ন হলে নিম্নরুপ হবে।
Structure: If এর স্থলে without + subject এর possessive form বসে + Auxiliary verb ও not উঠে যায় + main verb + ing + Extension.
Complex: If he does not stay at office, I shall not meet him.
Simple: Without his staying at office, I shall not meet him.
Rule-5.
‘So that’ যুক্ত Complex sentence কে simple করার নিয়মঃ
Structure: So that থেকে principal verb এর পূর্ব পর্যন্ত উঠে গিয়ে সে স্থলে to বসে + বাকি অংশ বসে।
Complex: People work hard so that they may shine in life.
Simple: People work hard to shine in life.
Rule-6.
‘So …. that’ যুক্ত complex sentence কে simple sentence এ পরিবর্তন করার নিয়মঃ
Structure: Sub + verb + so এর স্থলে too + adjective/adverb + that থেকে not পর্যন্ত উঠে যায় + to + Extension.
Complex: They are so nice that they can not be used just at present.
Simple: They are too nice to be used just at present.
Rule-7.
Structure: Sub + verb + so এর স্থলে too + adjective/adverb + that থেকে not পর্যন্ত উঠে যায় + to + Extension.
Complex: They are so nice that they can not be used just at present.
Simple: They are too nice to be used just at present.
Rule-7.
Though/Although যুক্ত Complex sentence কে Simple sentence করার নিয়মঃ
Structure: Although/though-এর স্থলে In spite of/ Despite বসে + Subject এর possessive form + being/having + extension.
Complex: Though he was dishonest, he was set free.
Simple: In spite of his being dishonest, he was set free.
Rule-8.
Complex Sentence এ Relative pronoun টি যদি subject কে নির্দেশ করে সেক্ষেত্রে simple sentence-এ পরিবর্তনের সময় উক্ত relative pronoun এবং তৎপরবর্তী verb উঠে যায়।এবং relative pronoun এর পরের adjective-টি subject এর পূর্বে বসে ।
Complex: The man who is drowning catches at a straw.
Simple: A drowning man catches at a straw.
◻️ Compound to Simple Sentence:
Structure: Although/though-এর স্থলে In spite of/ Despite বসে + Subject এর possessive form + being/having + extension.
Complex: Though he was dishonest, he was set free.
Simple: In spite of his being dishonest, he was set free.
Rule-8.
Complex Sentence এ Relative pronoun টি যদি subject কে নির্দেশ করে সেক্ষেত্রে simple sentence-এ পরিবর্তনের সময় উক্ত relative pronoun এবং তৎপরবর্তী verb উঠে যায়।এবং relative pronoun এর পরের adjective-টি subject এর পূর্বে বসে ।
Complex: The man who is drowning catches at a straw.
Simple: A drowning man catches at a straw.
◻️ Compound to Simple Sentence:
Rule-1.
And দ্বারা যুক্ত compound sentence-এর and এর উভয় অংশের subject যদি এক হয়, তবে একে simple sentence এ পরিবর্তনের নিয়মঃ
Compound: He finished the work and return home.
Simple: Finishing the work, he returned home.
Rule-2.
And যুক্ত compound sentence এর উভয় অংশের subject যদি একই হয় এবং প্রথম অংশের sentence টি যদি কারন নির্দেশ করে, সেক্ষেত্রে নিচের নিয়মে simple করতে হবে।
Structure: Because of/ Due to/ Owing to/ on account of + 1st sentence এর subject এর possessive form + main verb + ing/ being/having + but এর পূর্ব পর্যন্ত + কমা + sub + verb + extension.
Compound: I was ill and I could not attend the meeting.
Simple: Because of my being ill, I could not attend the meeting.
Rule-3.
But যুক্ত compound sentence এ যদি but এর পরে subject ও verb না থাকে তবে, simple sentence পরিবর্তন করতে হলে নিচের নিয়মঃ
Structure: In spite of / Despite + Subject এর possessive form + main verb + ing + being/having + but এর পূর্ব পর্যন্ত + কমা + subject + verb + extension.
Compound: He is poor but honest.
Simple: In spite of his being, he is poor.
Rule-4.
‘Or’ যুক্ত compound sentence কে simple sentence এ পরিবর্তন করার নিয়মঃ
Structure: Without + 1st main verb + ing + verb এর পরের অংশ + কমা + বাকি অংশ।
Compound: Move or will die.
Simple: Without moving, you will die.
Rule-5.
Not only …. but also যুক্ত compound sentence কে simple করার নিয়মঃ
Structure: Besides + not only যুক্ত ব্যকের মূল verb এর সাথে ing + not only উঠে যাবে + but also এর পূর্ব পর্যন্ত + (,) + মূল subject + but also অংশে verb না থাকলে প্রথম অংশের verb + but এর পরের অংশ।
Compound: Our teachers not only teach us but also guide us.
Simple: Besides teaching us, our teacher guide us.
Rule-6.
And দ্বারা যুক্ত সময় নির্দেশক Compound sentence -কে In, On, At ইত্যাদি time word দ্বারা simple sentence করা হয়।
Compound: It was raining and Siam came to me.
Simple: At the time of raining Siam came to me.
Rule-7.
‘And দ্বারা যুক্ত উদ্দেশ্যমুলক compound sentence কে Infinitive দ্বারা simple sentence করা হয়।
Compound: He reads attentively and she can do good result.
Simple: He reads attentively to do good result.
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